Transmission in machine tools, whether internal or external, can be accomplished not only through mechanical methods using rigid body transmission components, but also through non-mechanical transmission methods depending on the nature of the motion, such as hydraulic, electrical, pneumatic, optical, and thermal methods. With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, methods that control motion and transmission using computers or electronic hardware are gaining increasing use.
Transmissions achieved using non-mechanical methods can simplify mechanisms, shorten transmission chains, and facilitate automatic control. However, for complex surface forming motion transmission chains requiring high transmission accuracy, such as the generating and indexing motion transmission chains of gear machining tools, hydraulic, electrical, and pneumatic methods are currently less commonly used for internal transmission. Conversely, for simple surface forming motion transmission chains that do not require high transmission accuracy, such as the cutting speed and feed drives of lathes and milling machines, hydraulic, electrical, and pneumatic methods are more commonly used.
Machine tool transmission system: A simplified diagram of the various transmission chains in the mechanical transmission system of a real machine tool, represented by regular graphic symbols, is called a machine tool mechanical transmission system diagram, or simply a machine tool transmission system diagram. This diagram clearly illustrates the internal structure of the machine tool and its various transmission chains, and is a powerful tool for analyzing the transmission laws of machine tools. Understanding the transmission system diagram is crucial for the operation and study of machine tools. Using the transmission system diagram, one can analyze the function, working principle, and applicable scope of the machine tool, and perform various adjustment calculations.
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