I. Responsibilities of System Maintenance Personnel
1. Responsible for the maintenance of the DCS system's software and hardware, ensuring the reliable operation of the DCS system, and guaranteeing the safety and stability of the production process.
2. Coordinate and participate in the configuration of the DCS, the implementation of the control scheme, as well as the hardware connection of the system, the installation of the operating system, and the debugging of the DCS system.
3. Responsible for technical communication with DCS manufacturers, learning the use, maintenance and management techniques of DCS systems, and giving full play to the role of DCS systems; improving and perfecting the control and management functions of DCS systems according to the requirements of process production.
4. Guide operators in operating the DCS system and resolve any problems they encounter; respond immediately and resolve any requests from operators.
5. Conduct daily and periodic inspections and maintenance of the DCS; proactively and promptly identify system problems and potential risks, find the causes and resolve them effectively; if you encounter difficult problems that you cannot handle, consult the DCS manufacturer for coordination and resolution.
6. Responsible for modifying and backing up system operating parameters to prevent any data corruption or loss.
7. Perform effective backups of the DCS system's software and hardware.
8. Responsible for starting and stopping the DCS system.
9. Responsible for setting and modifying operator passwords.
10. Formulate maintenance and management regulations for the DCS system.
II. Maintenance and Management Guidelines
1. Control room maintenance and management
(1) Formulate management regulations for server rack rooms and operating rooms. Make detailed regulations on the maintenance of the sanitary environment of server rack rooms and operating rooms, the management of personnel entering and exiting, the management of operator operations, and the management of maintenance personnel.
(2) In addition to maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity, the control room should also be waterproof, dustproof, corrosionproof, interferenceproof, rodent and insectproof, and avoid mechanical vibration. For details, please refer to the relevant provisions in the "Environmental Regulations for Control Systems".
2. Computer (operator station, engineer station, server station) maintenance and management
(1) Remind operators at all times to operate in a civilized manner, take care of the equipment, keep it clean, and keep it waterproof and dustproof.
(2) Operators are prohibited from exiting real-time monitoring; operators are prohibited from adding, deleting, or moving any files in the computer or changing the system configuration; operators are prohibited from using external storage devices or optical discs.
(3) Try to avoid electromagnetic interference to the computer, avoid moving the computer or monitor while it is running, and avoid pulling or damaging the connected cables.
(4) The computer should be kept away from heat sources and the ventilation openings should not be blocked by other objects.
(5) It is strictly forbidden to use non-genuine operating system software (non-genuine operating system software refers to the OEM version and other pirated software that are given away with the computer); it is strictly forbidden to perform unnecessary multitasking operations or run unnecessary software on the real-time monitoring operation platform; it is strictly forbidden to forcibly shut down the computer power supply; it is strictly forbidden to disassemble or install computer hardware while it is powered on.
(6) Pay attention to the anti-virus work of the operator station (engineering station) computer, and do the following:
a. Do not use removable storage devices that have not been effectively disinfected (such as: external hard drives, USB flash drives, etc.);
b. Do not connect other computers that have not been effectively scanned for viruses to the control system network;
c. Do not connect the control network to other networks that have not been effectively protected by technical safeguards, etc.
(7) If the computer equipment such as the operator station, engineer station, and server needs to be reinstalled with software, it must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Control System Installation Procedure" provided by Supcon Technology Co., Ltd.
(8) During normal operation, close the cabinet doors of the computer station (operator station, engineer station, server station).
3. Control station maintenance and management
(1) No part of the control station (main control card) shall be modified or disassembled without authorization under any circumstances.
(2) When performing routine inspections and modifications, avoid pulling or damaging power supply, grounding, communication and signal lines.
(3) When maintaining the card, you must wear an anti-static bracelet.
(4) During normal operation, close the control cabinet door.
4. Backup management of system hardware and software, system configuration files, control and operating parameters.
(1) The following backups must be performed on the hard drive of this computer, and backups must also be performed on a USB flash drive, CD or other computer. Update records or update instructions must be prepared before backup:
a. Back up control parameters (PID parameters, regulator direct/reverse action, etc.), control variables, process parameters, and other data that operators do not have permission to modify.
b. Back up configuration files and configuration subdirectory files (configuration files, flowchart files, control algorithm files, and report files, etc.).
c. If there is communication with other systems, the communication protocol, communication scheme, communication address and other data and related files should be backed up and archived.
(2) Wiring drawings, installation drawings and other design documents and handover documents should be archived and kept.
(3) All software that needs to be installed on the computer should be backed up on the local computer's hard drive, such as operating system software, DCS system configuration and monitoring software, driver software, etc., and version identification should be done and installation instructions should be written.
(4) Understand the system's recording cycle, and make regular backups of the operation records, alarm records, historical trends and other production operation records without omissions according to the requirements of the process production. After burning the CD, mark it and hand it over to the relevant personnel for safekeeping.
(5) Ensure proper storage of spare parts and components. It is necessary to ensure the timeliness and effectiveness of system software and hardware spare parts and components (to ensure that they are available in a timely manner and perform well in actual use).
5. Maintenance Precautions
(1) Do not use organic solvents such as alcohol for cleaning.
(2) Avoid pulling or damaging the power supply, grounding, communication and I/O signal lines during maintenance.
(3) Lock the doors of system cabinets, instrument cabinets and control consoles to prevent non-system maintenance personnel from opening them.
III. Daily Inspection Guidelines
Daily inspections of the DCS system are conducted to monitor its operation in real time.
1. Obtain information from operators regarding the DCS operation status and promptly resolve any issues they encounter.
2. Check the DCS system fault diagnosis screen to see if there are any software or hardware faults or communication faults, and review the DCS fault diagnosis records.
3. Inspect the environment of the control room and cabinet room, as well as the operation of the air conditioning equipment.
4. Open the cabinet doors of the system cabinet, instrument cabinet, control panel, etc., and check whether there are any abnormalities in the system hardware indicator lights and communication indicator lights.
5. Check for signs of activity by rats, pests, etc.
6. Keep daily inspection and maintenance records.
IV. Regular Inspection Guidance
1. Regular inspection of DCS
After the DCS is put into normal operation, it should be inspected regularly to ensure that the entire system can continue to operate normally for a long time. Regular inspections can be conducted using a dedicated "DCS Regular Inspection Record Form," which serves as the primary record of DCS maintenance and use. The main inspection contents are as follows:
2. Control room environment inspection
(1) Check the lighting, anti-interference, vibration, temperature and humidity, and the operation of the air conditioning equipment. Special attention should be paid to checking whether there are water droplets or condensation on the electronic equipment such as the card inside the control cabinet.
(2) Check for corrosive gases that corrode the equipment and excessive dust accumulation.
(3) Conduct regular inspections at least once a week and keep records of the regular inspections.
3. Regularly inspect control stations and operator stations.
(1) Check whether the hardware such as computer, monitor, mouse, and keyboard is intact;
(2) Check whether the real-time monitoring of the system is working properly, including whether the data refresh and operation of each function screen are normal;
(3) Check the fault diagnosis screen to see if there are any fault prompts;
(4) Obtain information from operators regarding DCS operation and process production status to provide a basis for future control scheme optimization;
(5) After the system has been running for a certain period of time, historical data files such as historical trends and reports should be backed up or cleaned up in a timely manner;
(6) Open the system cabinet, instrument cabinet, control panel, etc. to check for hardware failures (FAIL light on) and other abnormalities in the system;
(7) Check whether the power supply boxes of each cabinet are working properly, whether the power supply fans are working, and whether the 5V and 24V indicator lights are working properly;
(8) Check whether the system grounding (including the operator station, control station, etc.) and lightning protection grounding devices meet the standard requirements;
(9) Regularly remove accumulated dust to keep it clean and tidy.
(10) The above inspection items shall be carried out at least once a week, and regular inspection records shall be kept.
(11) After the workstation has been running for a certain period of time (usually three months), please use the disk defragmentation program provided by the operating system to defragment the hard disks C: and D:.
4. Regularly check the DCS network.
(1) Check whether the indicator lights on the network cards of each workstation are normal;
(2) Check whether the communication indicator lights of all main control cards, data forwarding cards, I/O cards, etc. are normal;
(3) Check whether the communication indicator lights of the hub and switch are normal;
(4) Check whether the connections of each communication connector are reliable and normal;
(5) Check whether there is a communication failure message in the "Fault Diagnosis" screen of the monitoring software, and whether there is a record of communication failure in the "Diagnosis Information";
(6) It is recommended that the DCS network be inspected once a month. Regular inspections can be performed using "fault diagnosis" software.
V. Maintenance Guidelines During Major Overhaul
1. A thorough maintenance should be performed on the DCS system during the overhaul, including the following:
(1) System power outage maintenance, including thorough dust cleaning, rewiring, etc.
(2) For problems that are discovered during routine and periodic inspections but cannot be dealt with in a timely manner, centralized processing will be carried out, such as system upgrades and configuration downloads.
(3) Before maintenance, the DCS system configuration should be backed up, and the system operating parameters (such as PID) should be uploaded and backed up.
(4) When changing the configuration, control and interlocking procedures during maintenance, the relevant personnel in charge of process, equipment, electrical and instrumentation must be organized to participate in the interlocking commissioning and form an interlocking commissioning record.
(5) During the maintenance period, the power supply and grounding system should be checked to see if they meet the requirements.
(6) Make timely records of DCS maintenance during major overhauls.
2. System maintenance procedures during major overhaul
Step 1: Check and verify the backup
Check whether the software backups, configuration file backups, control and process data backups are correct and complete.
Step 2: Disconnect the power in the following order
(1) After each operator station exits the real-time monitoring and operating system in sequence, turn off the power to the operator station's industrial control computer and monitor;
(2) Turn off the power to the control station power boxes one by one;
(3) Turn off the power switches of each branch circuit;
(4) Turn off the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) switch;
(5) Turn off the main power switch.
Step 3: Perform DCS power outage maintenance
(1) Power outage cleaning and maintenance of operator station and control station. This includes cleaning dust from the inside of the industrial computer, control station chassis, power supply box and other components.
(2) To maintain and eliminate faults that are discovered during daily and periodic inspections but cannot be dealt with in a timely manner.
(3) Inspection and maintenance of instruments and lines: including power supply lines, I/O signal lines, communication lines, terminal blocks, relays, safety barriers, etc. Ensure that all instruments are working properly, the lines are reliably connected, and the labels are clear and correct.
(4) Grounding system inspection. This includes terminal inspection, grounding inspection of each operating station (industrial computer, display), grounding inspection of each control station (power supply, chassis), and ground resistance test.
Step 4: After completing all maintenance work on-site and in the DCS, check and confirm whether the following power-on conditions are met.
(1) First, the process, electrical, equipment, instrumentation and other professional departments should be contacted to confirm whether the power-on conditions of the DCS system are met.
(2) After confirming that the total power supply provided by the electrical system meets the requirements, close the main power supply circuit breaker and check the output voltage respectively.
(3) Close each branch circuit breaker in the distribution box and check the output voltage respectively.
(4) If a UPS or voltage regulator is provided, check whether the output voltage of the UPS or voltage regulator is normal.
Step 5: System Power-On and Testing
(1) Start the engineer station, server station, and operator station, and at the same time power on and check each power supply box of the system in sequence.
(2) Check whether each power supply box is working properly, whether the power supply fan is working, and whether the 5V and 24V indicator lights are working properly.
(3) Check whether the folders and files of the system software and application software of each computer are correct; the remaining hard disk space has not changed significantly, and the disk surface is tested.
(4) Compile and download the modified configuration.
(5) Observe whether there is a fault from the fault diagnosis of each operating station in real time monitoring.
(6) Open the control station cabinet door and observe whether the card is working properly and whether there is a fault display (FAIL light is on).
(7) Power supply redundancy test
a. Turn on one of the redundant AC ~220VAC main incoming lines, and de-energize the other AC power supply circuits, but the system should still be able to work normally.
b. Turn on one redundant DC power supply and turn off the other DC power supplies, and measure the 5V and 24V voltages on the power terminals of each machine cage (frame) motherboard.
(8) Communication redundancy test: Connect one of the redundant communication lines (disconnect the other communication lines) and use the download configuration function to test whether it is normal. If it is normal, it indicates that the communication network is normal.
(9) Card redundancy test: Check whether the redundancy is normal by hot-plugging the redundant cards.
Note: If one of the redundant main control card or data forwarding card is removed and reinserted, the other redundant card must be removed only after the data copy is complete. Otherwise, it may cause serious consequences during production.
Step 6: Control and process parameter check
(1) Verify all control and process parameters that have been successfully run (due to configuration modification and download, some parameters may be confused and need to be re-entered).
(2) For control loops that have been replaced by field instruments (transmitters, regulating valves, etc.) and newly added control loops (programs), the parameters need to be readjusted and debugged.
VI. Troubleshooting Guide
1. Communication network failure
(1) Poor contact of the communication connector can cause communication failure. Once the failure is confirmed, the connector can be redone using special tools.
(2) Since each communication unit has an address setting, during communication maintenance, confirm whether the address settings of the network card, main control card, and data forwarding card are correct.
2. On-site equipment failure
Operators should switch the automatic control circuit to manual mode, and when repairing valves, bypass valves should be used.
3. When the system experiences I/O card failure
(1) The corresponding control loop, control program and interlock should be switched to manual mode immediately, and the faulty card should be replaced by the system maintenance personnel immediately. The system can only be put back into automatic mode after the fault is confirmed to be eliminated.
(2) Before replacing the card, the address, power distribution, redundancy and other switches or jumpers should be switched to the original card position (see Hardware Manual).
(3) For non-redundant output card failures, the valves, equipment, etc. corresponding to the faulty card cannot be operated at the DCS end. The on-site operators need to be notified to perform on-site operations. DCS operations can only be performed after the fault is eliminated.
4. In the event of an abnormal power outage in the factory power supply system, the DCS should be powered off according to the process requirements after properly handling the moving equipment, valves and other instruments.
5. When a control system malfunctions and causes system paralysis (this is rare), an emergency plan must be prepared in advance.
VII. Configuration Modification and Download Guide
1. Basic Principles of Configuration Modification
Before modifying the configuration file, a backup of the current configuration file must be made for emergency recovery. Modifications to the configuration file must be performed at the engineer's workstation.
2. Configuration modifications during the production process
During production, various reasons necessitate modifications to the DCS configuration to achieve optimal monitoring results. During these modifications, it is crucial to effectively differentiate the content to be changed.
(1) Only add or modify the overall appearance (or flowchart, report, trend page, control group, data overview, user permissions, secondary calculation, voice alarm, operation group, custom key), modify the tag unit (or tag annotation), etc. After completing the above operations, compile all the data and send it to each operation station and reload the configuration. No download work is required.
(2) If you add or delete cards, add or delete, change tag numbers or modify tag number ranges (or alarm information), you need to download.
a. When using the SP243X, XP243, and FW243L main control cards, the download work cannot be performed if the process unit is in production. The download must be performed when the process unit is stopped, otherwise it will have a certain impact on production.
b. When using XP243X, FW243X, or FW247 main control cards, if the modification of the card or tag number does not involve the control program, the download can be performed when the process unit is in production. If the modification involves the control program, the relevant control program must be disabled (e.g., interlock cancellation, automatic to manual switching) before the download can be performed.
(3) If the control program has been modified, configuration download is required.
a. When using the SP243X, XP243, and FW243L main control cards, the download work cannot be performed if the process unit is in production. The download must be performed when the process unit is stopped, otherwise it will have a certain impact on production.
b. If using XP243X, FW243X, or FW247 main control cards, all control programs involving this control program must be disabled (e.g., interlock cancellation, automatic to manual switching) before downloading can proceed.
(4) Adding or removing machine cages at a control station must be done while the process unit is stopped. Configuration modifications and downloads are strictly prohibited while the process unit is in production. Importantly, adding or deleting content in the middle of existing card addresses or existing custom tag numbers will cause significant data inconsistencies during online downloads and should be avoided.
3. Precautions during downloading in the production process
(1) Online download should be performed when production is stable and avoid timing such as sequential control switching and accurate measurement of cumulative quantity. Before downloading, confirm that important interlocks are cut off and important circuits are temporarily switched to manual operation.
(2) When downloading, the control program and control loop must be switched to manual mode; the interlocks must be disconnected.
(3) Before and after downloading the configuration file, the modified content should be verified to ensure its correctness.
(4) After the configuration is downloaded, it must be transmitted in a timely manner to ensure that the configuration of each operator station and engineer station is consistent.
(5) Operation procedure for online downloading during the production process:
Replace the configuration in the field engineer station's runtime directory with the newly modified configuration.
a. Open the secondary calculation software, then exit it. After successful configuration and compilation, start the real-time monitoring software.
b. Compare the software interface data before and after modification with the adjacent operator station, adjust the loop opening, PID parameters, and controller direct and reverse action, and proceed to the next step only after confirming that everything is correct.
c. Contact the process operators to release the system interlocks on the interface to ensure that the interlocks do not malfunction, and switch the regulating circuit to manual mode. For important instruments and electrical equipment, switch to on-site operation.
d. Download the configuration. After downloading, promptly set initial values for any newly modified or added schemes.
e. Contact the process operators to test the newly modified and added scheme.
f. The process engineer confirms that the PID parameters, temperature, liquid level, pressure, etc. displayed on the flow chart are normal. After confirming that there are no errors, the engineer prepares to engage the interlock, restore the automatic control of the regulating loop, and the on-site operators evacuate.
g. Download complete, all parties confirm.
4. Changes and downloads during non-production mode
(1) If there are many configuration changes that do not meet the requirements for online download, the download can be modified when the process is stopped.
(2) After downloading, the program must be debugged immediately to check and confirm that each program, valve position and parameter is normal. Only after checking and confirming that there are no errors can the engine be started again.
VIII. System Upgrade Guide
Precautions:
(1) The original configuration and parameters must be backed up before upgrading.
(2) During the upgrade, the production process must be stopped and the relevant upgrade instructions must be strictly followed.
(3) After the upgrade, it is necessary to check and confirm whether each control loop, parameter, etc. are normal.
(4) The new version of the software and installation instructions must be copied to each upgraded computer in a timely manner; the original software backups on each computer's hard drive must be deleted; the old version installation CD must be destroyed or marked as invalid.
IX. UPS Maintenance Guide
1. UPS operating environment
(1) The computer room where the UPS is located should maintain a constant temperature, which is recommended to be controlled at 20~25℃; the battery should be at 5℃~30℃;
(2) The UPS room should be well-ventilated and there should be no obstructions at the fan location; the UPS and batteries should not be placed in sealed structures to avoid damage to the machine or personal injury.
(3) The surface of the UPS should be kept clean and dry.
2. Proper Use of UPS
(1) The correct power-on and power-off sequence must be strictly followed to avoid excessive fluctuations in the UPS output voltage due to sudden loading or unloading.
(2) Frequent switching of the UPS on and off is strictly prohibited. Generally, after switching off, wait at least 6 seconds before starting the UPS. Otherwise, the UPS may enter the "start-up failure" state, which means there is no mains power input and no inverter output.
(3) UPS should not be used under overload conditions; the maximum load should preferably be controlled within 80%.
(4) The UPS is operated to prevent accidental operation. Please press and hold the switch for more than one second when turning it on or off.
(5) Lightning strikes are the natural enemy of all electrical appliances, so it is essential to ensure effective shielding and grounding protection for the UPS;
Note: When a SANTAK UPS malfunctions, check the indicator lights on the front panel according to the instructions in the manual: whether all switches are turned on; whether it is in the power-on or bypass state (note that the UPS will also make a sound in the bypass state); whether there is AC power input; whether the AC power switch on the back of the UPS is turned on; whether the UPS battery box switch is closed; sometimes the machine beeps continuously and the red light is on, indicating a UPS malfunction. In this case, the UPS is not broken but overloaded. Turn off the machine, unload the load, and restart it. The UPS will then work normally.
3. Proper use of storage batteries
(1) In the same UPS, batteries of the same brand, model and specification must be used;
(2) Do not use the battery near a fire source or in a heat-generating area;
(3) During the installation process, if the light is dim, do not use a fire source for lighting to avoid explosion and fire;
(4) Metal installation tools such as torque wrenches and pliers must be wrapped with vinyl tape. Do not reverse the polarity of the battery during installation, otherwise it will cause fire and damage to the UPS charger.
(5) The general service life of a storage battery is 3-4 years, and it needs to be replaced regularly; the replacement period is three years at 25℃, 2.5 years at 30℃, and 2 years at 40℃.
(6) If there is no power outage for a long time, the battery needs to be manually discharged, generally once every three months (discharge according to the backup battery time); the continuous discharge of the battery should not exceed the maximum value allowed by the instruction manual, and it should be charged immediately after discharge and should not be stored without power.
(7) When there is a power outage, you need to use a multimeter to measure the voltage of a group of batteries (preferably every 5 minutes). If the voltage drops quickly, be prepared to shut down the machine to avoid deep battery discharge. If the main unit emits an alarm sound, shut down the machine immediately.
(8) The battery charging voltage should be within the range specified by the UPS. Exceeding the range may cause battery damage, reduced capacity and shortened life.
Note: For specific maintenance instructions for different UPS models, please refer to the instruction manual of each UPS manufacturer.
10. Verification and Maintenance Introduction
1. Introduction to the X219 Universal Process Validator
The X-series process calibrator is a battery-powered handheld instrument with both function keys and digital keys for easy operation. It can simultaneously measure and output multiple signals, supporting various signal types such as voltage, current, resistance, frequency, thermocouple, and RTD. It can use four AANi-MH or Ni-Cd rechargeable batteries, or alkaline batteries. It has low maintenance costs and is mainly used for signal measurement and calibration in industrial fields and laboratories. It can also be used for DCS card maintenance, process instrument fault diagnosis, calibration, and verification.
The X-series process calibrators fully adopt international standards such as EN55022 and EN55024, representing the current top-tier level in terms of appearance design, hardware and software functions, and operational reliability.
The highest accuracy of the X-series process calibrators is ±0.015%FS, of which the accuracy of the X219 general-purpose multi-functional process calibrator is ±0.02%FS. The functions of the X219 general-purpose process calibrator are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Overview of Measurement and Output Functions
This article simplifies DCS system maintenance.
The X219 has the following main features:
(1) Miniaturized design, easy to carry and hold;
(2) Function keys and numeric keys coexist, making operation convenient;
(3) Battery level display; automatic shutdown when battery is low;
(4) The white LED backlit LCD screen can be used normally even in low light environments;
(5) The five-digit display is measured and the display resolution is automatically adjusted according to the signal strength;
(6) Intelligent flashing jack indicator to avoid accidental operation;
(7) The left measurement terminal is completely isolated from the right measurement/output terminal;
(8) It has both left measurement and right measurement/output functions, and two inputs or one input and one output can be performed simultaneously;
(9) The signal measurement/output has a zeroing function;
(10) When measuring resistance, 2/3/4 wires can be selected;
(11) When outputting a resistor, it has the function of compensating for the resistance of the output lead;
(12) Automatic stepping and ramp output;
(13) Frequency signal output with adjustable amplitude (0-22V);
(14) When outputting or measuring thermocouple signals, cold junction ambient temperature compensation can be performed automatically without calculation;
(15) The cold junction ambient temperature compensation method can be manual or automatic;
(16) Built-in 90°C international temperature scale scale;
(17) Switching between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales;
(18) Measure or simulate thermoelectric potential values below 0°C;
(19) When measuring thermocouple or resistance temperature detector signals, the temperature value and voltage or resistance value can be displayed simultaneously without having to consult the calibration table;
(20) It can use 4 AANi-MH batteries or Ni-Cd rechargeable batteries, or alkaline batteries, with low maintenance costs;
2. Maintain DCS cards
The I/O cards that come with the DCS include current signal input cards, voltage signal input cards, RTD signal input cards, level signal input cards, pulse input cards, and current signal output cards. All of these can be used with the X219 general-purpose process calibrator for fault diagnosis and location. The X219's automatic stepping and ramp output functions can also be used to perform rapid linearity tests on the cards.
This article simplifies DCS system maintenance.
3. Drive and maintenance actuators
The X219 supports Type II and Type III analog current outputs and has strong driving capabilities. Using the analog current output function of the X219, it can be used to drive field actuators, such as electrical converters and valve positioners.
This article simplifies DCS system maintenance.
4. Maintain the isolation fence
The X219 can simulate a two-wire transmitter output (4~20) mA current signal. Using the X219's analog transmitter function, the input and output signals of the isolation barrier can be displayed on the same screen. The isolation barrier can be conveniently, quickly, and easily calibrated and maintained on-site with only one process calibrator, without the need for external power supply and other equipment.
This article simplifies DCS system maintenance.
5. Maintain and calibrate the transmitter.
The X219 can be used to calibrate various transmitters, and its operation is simple and quick. In the left image, the X219 simulates the output of a thermocouple and measures the output current from the transmitter. The simulated thermocouple output value is displayed at the bottom of the LCD screen, and the transmitter's output current is displayed at the top.
Disclaimer: This article is a reprint. If it involves copyright issues, please contact us promptly for deletion (QQ: 2737591964). We apologize for any inconvenience.
