Coil voltage or nominal voltage - 12VDC - This is the nominal voltage for operating the coil. While knowing this is important, it doesn't tell us all about the available voltage range.
Shutdown voltage (minimum) - 1.2VDC - This voltage specification indicates when the coil is no longer energized. Any voltage below this value will not enable the coil, and the contacts will remain open.
On/Off Voltage (Maximum) - 9VDC - This specification indicates when the coil is always energized. At this voltage, the voltage across the coil will always enable the coil and close the contacts.
Maximum coil voltage - 20.4VDC - This is the maximum voltage at which you can safely operate the coil. This is typically temperature-dependent. For example, the voltage of this part is 20.4VDC at 23°C. There is a 10% tolerance, but it is safest to operate as close to the nominal voltage as possible.
These figures show that the range is not fixed. In our example part, this range is 1.2VDC to 9VDC. Generally, the relay will remain in its final state within this range, but the state can change. Therefore, operation within this range is not recommended. The range data is shown in the diagram below.
From 0-1.2VDC, the relay will always be in the off (closed) state. (Red area)
The relay operates within an indeterminate range from 1.2VDC to 9VDC. (Yellow area)
From 9VDC to 20.4VDC, the relay must be in the energized (connected) state (green area).
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