Rotary encoder working principle
Rotary encoders do not have a fixed starting zero point; their output is a pulse proportional to the increment of the rotation angle, requiring a counter to count the pulses. Each time a light-transmitting zone is passed, a pulse signal is emitted. The high-speed counter of the PLC is then used to count these pulse signals to obtain the measurement result.
Rotary encoder wiring method
Rotary encoders typically have five leads: one COM terminal, one power supply line, and three pulse output lines. First, connect the power supply ( -) terminal to the encoder's COM terminal, then connect the power supply (+) terminal to the encoder's power supply terminal. Next, connect the encoder's COM terminal to the PLC's COM input terminal . Connect the A , B , and Z phase pulse output lines directly to the PLC 's input terminals; A and B are pulses 90 degrees out of phase. Finally, the rotary encoder has a shielded wire; grounding this wire during use effectively improves interference immunity.
Important note: When the operating voltage differs from the PLC's input voltage, it is important to ensure that the external power supply voltage is below DC 30V . Exceeding this operating voltage may damage the encoder.
Rotary encoder installation steps
1. Securely install the encoder to prevent it from loosening due to vibration during use.
2. When wiring the encoder, please ensure that the load does not exceed its maximum allowable value and deviation.
3. Tighten the screws around the encoder coupling to prevent them from loosening during use.
Four key points to note when using a rotary encoder
1. Vibration applied to a rotary encoder often causes false pulses. Therefore, attention should be paid to the installation location. The more pulses generated per revolution, the narrower the slot spacing of the rotating disk, making it more susceptible to vibration. When rotating at low speed or stopped, vibration applied to the encoder shaft or body causes the rotating disk to shake, which may cause false pulses at any time.
2. Wiring should be done with the power off . If the output wire comes into contact with the power source when the power is on, it may damage the encoder output circuit.
3. When wiring the encoder, pay close attention to the polarity of the power supply, etc. Incorrect wiring may damage the internal circuit of the encoder.
4. To avoid encoder noise, use the shortest possible wiring distance. This is especially important when inputting data to integrated circuits.
Guangdong Shengwei Electronic Products Co., Ltd. has been a professional encoder manufacturer for 28 years . As a national industry standard drafter for encoders , we specialize in producing various types of rotary encoders . Shengwei's magnetic encoders are resistant to dust and condensation; they feature a simple and compact structure, no contacts, long lifespan, resistance to high and low temperatures, vibration resistance, fast response speed, and low cost. Our customers widely use them in robotics, automated production lines, automatic assembly machines, elevators, textile machinery, sewing machinery, packaging and printing machinery, CNC machine tools, drafting instruments, and goniometers. Furthermore, these encoders can also be used as high-speed signal input elements in PLC applications, enabling PLCs to implement closed-loop control more quickly and accurately. For magnetic encoder manufacturers, choose Shengwei Electronics .
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