Following the principles of adapting to local conditions, clean and efficient operation, decentralized layout, and local utilization, distributed photovoltaic power generation makes full use of local solar energy resources to replace traditional fossil fuel power generation, achieving energy conservation, emission reduction, and green power generation. Most of the power generation side is also the electricity consumption side, featuring self-consumption and surplus power fed into the grid.
Compared to centralized photovoltaic systems, distributed photovoltaic systems have the following advantages:
First: Low output power, high return on investment.
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power stations typically range in capacity from several kilowatts to a few megawatts, with national regulations stipulating a maximum of 6 megawatts. These small-scale PV power stations have minimal impact on power generation efficiency, are more stable, and possess some peak-valley regulation capabilities. Furthermore, their installation costs are significantly lower than centralized systems, with a shorter payback period and higher economic benefits.
Second: Simultaneous development and utilization, with local disposal.
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power stations connect the generated electricity directly to the grid, allowing for immediate use and solving the problem of power grid integration. As is well known, centralized PV power stations primarily function on the generation side, transmitting electricity to various distant locations via step-up substations, a process that incurs some power loss. In comparison, distributed PV offers significant advantages.
Third: Facilitates monitoring and control, making operations safer.
Because distributed photovoltaic power stations are relatively independent and have a small area, they can be fully automated with AI monitoring to monitor the operation of photovoltaic panels in real time and avoid potential safety hazards in advance.
Fourth: Widely applicable, green and aesthetically pleasing
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems, installed on building rooftops, offer a much simpler and more flexible site selection compared to centralized PV power plants. Installing solar PV panels on building rooftops also repurposes idle rooftop resources, creating neat rows of PV arrays that transform previously dirty and unsightly rooftops into aesthetically pleasing urban landscape features.
When discussing site selection for distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems, let's take the most widespread industrial and commercial distributed PV systems as an example. What conditions are necessary for industrial and commercial plants to implement distributed PV systems?
First, it is necessary to understand the basic information about the building.
This includes factors such as the ownership of the factory building, whether it is mortgaged, its remaining useful life, building materials, area, and orientation. It is recommended to develop distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems on rooftops with long service lives that belong to the owner or the government. In addition, the roof's tilt angle, azimuth, and the presence of obstructions, as well as the presence of wind turbines and other equipment on the roof, are also crucial. These hardware conditions determine the installable capacity and normal sunlight exposure area, thus calculating the generated electricity. Furthermore, once a distributed PV power station is built, it can generally operate for about 25 years, so it is essential to check the building's load-bearing capacity in advance to ensure it can meet the load-bearing requirements during these 25 years, avoiding safety hazards and economic losses.
Secondly, it is necessary to clarify the land use situation for the project.
Electricity-consuming enterprises must possess land use rights and ensure that there are no mortgages, while also ensuring that the land used and its owner are not involved in any legal proceedings.
Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the electricity consumption and business operations of the electricity-using enterprises.
Industrial and commercial enterprises must provide relevant data on their electrical equipment and electricity consumption, such as historical electricity bills and peak/off-peak electricity usage periods. The enterprise's operational performance is also a key assessment point; to ensure the long-term, stable, and effective operation of the power station project, the electricity-consuming enterprise must maintain orderly operation and long-term profitability.
Finally, power distribution facilities and grid connection points.
There are six main points:
1) The capacity, quantity, bus tie, and load ratio of transformers in the plant area;
2) Location of meters, busbar specifications, switch specifications and models within the factory area;
3) Does the factory area have an independent power distribution room? Are there spare compartments for the power distribution equipment? If not, can the busbars be crimped?
4) Prioritize users with large total transformer capacity and a high load ratio;
5) Check the capacity of the main incoming switch. Considering revenue, the output current of the photovoltaic power generation system should not exceed the capacity of the user's switch.
6) Consider the installation location of the inverter and grid-connected cabinet in accordance with the principle of convenient and economical wiring.
