A solar cell module consists of high-efficiency monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar cells, low-iron ultra-white velvet tempered glass, encapsulation materials (EVA, POE, etc.), functional backsheet, interconnect strips, busbars, junction box, and aluminum alloy frame.
The principle of solar cells
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation uses solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, as its energy converter. The principle behind solar cell power generation is the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight shines on a solar cell, the cell absorbs the light energy, generating photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Under the influence of the cell's built-in electric field, the photogenerated electrons and holes are separated, resulting in the accumulation of opposite charges at the cell's terminals, which generates a "photovoltaic voltage"—this is the photovoltaic effect. If electrodes are led out from both sides of the built-in electric field and a load is connected, a "photocurrent" flows through the load, thus generating power output. In this way, the sun's light energy is directly converted into usable electrical energy.
At the same temperature, the effect of light intensity on solar panels is as follows: the greater the light intensity, the greater the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar panel, and the greater the maximum output power. It can also be seen that the change of open-circuit voltage with irradiance intensity is not as obvious as the change of short-circuit current with irradiance intensity.
Under the same light intensity, the effect of temperature on solar panels is as follows: as the temperature of solar cells increases, their output open-circuit voltage decreases significantly with increasing temperature, while the short-circuit current increases slightly. The overall trend is that the maximum output power decreases.
Features of solar cells
Solar cell modules feature high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high reliability; advanced diffusion technology ensures uniform conversion efficiency throughout the cell; good conductivity, reliable adhesion, and excellent electrode solderability; high-precision screen-printed patterns and high flatness make the cells easy to automate welding and laser cutting.
Based on the different materials used, solar cells can be classified into: silicon solar cells, multi-component compound thin-film solar cells, polymer multilayer modified electrode type solar cells, nanocrystalline solar cells, organic solar cells, and plastic solar cells. Among them, silicon solar cells are the most mature and dominate in application.
