The structural composition of a servo system is not fundamentally different from other forms of feedback control systems.
The structure and types of mechatronic servo control systems are diverse, but from the perspective of automatic control theory, a servo control system generally includes five parts: controller, controlled object, execution link, detection link, and comparison link.
1. Comparison circuit: The comparison circuit compares the input command signal with the system feedback signal to obtain the deviation signal between the output and the input. It is usually implemented by a dedicated circuit or computer.
2. Controller: The controller is usually a computer or PID control circuit. Its main task is to transform and process the deviation signal output by the comparator to control the actuator to act as required.
3. Execution element: The function of the execution element is to convert various forms of energy into mechanical energy according to the requirements of the control signal, and drive the controlled object to work. The execution element in the mechatronics system generally refers to various motors or hydraulic, pneumatic servo mechanisms, etc.
4. Controlled object: Mechanical parameters including displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and torque are the controlled objects.
5. Detection stage: The detection stage refers to the device that can measure the output and convert it into the dimensions required by the comparison stage. It generally includes sensors and conversion circuits.
Servo control systems were initially used in ship autopilots, artillery control, and command instruments, and have since been extended to many other fields, particularly automatic lathes, antenna position control, and missile and spacecraft guidance.
