Research led by the University of Michigan shows that a new type of transparent solar cell is not only highly efficient but also has a lifespan of up to 30 years.
While silicon is the most efficient material for solar panels, it is not transparent. Researchers have been exploring organic or carbon-based materials for solar cell windows. The challenge facing the research team is how to prevent the rapid degradation of highly efficient organic light-converting materials during use.
By studying the use of unprotected solar cells, the team realized that improvements were needed in a few areas. First, they needed to block ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To do this, they added a layer of zinc oxide, a common sunscreen ingredient, to the sun-facing side of the glass.
A thinner layer of zinc oxide helps conduct electrons generated by solar energy to the electrodes. Unfortunately, it also damages the fragile light absorber. Therefore, the research team added a layer of carbon-based material called IC-SAM as a buffer.
The team then tested their new defense system under simulated sunlight of varying intensities—from the intensity of one sun to 27 suns. By studying the degradation of the cells' performance under these conditions, the team deduced that these solar cells would still operate at 80% efficiency after 30 years.
Researchers believe these solar cells could one day appear on windows near your home. His team has already increased the transparency of the panels to 40%, and may reach 60% in the future.
