What types of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are there? Solar PV power generation systems are classified into off-grid PV power generation systems, grid-connected PV power generation systems, and distributed PV power generation systems.
1. Off-grid photovoltaic power generation system
Off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems mainly consist of solar cell modules, controllers, and batteries. If AC loads need to be powered, an AC inverter is also required.
2. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system
Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems convert direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) that meets the requirements of the municipal power grid via a grid-connected inverter, and then directly connect to the public power grid. Grid-connected power generation systems include centralized large-scale power plants, typically national-level power plants, whose main characteristic is that the generated energy is directly transmitted to the grid, which then distributes it to users. However, these power plants require large investments, have long construction periods, and occupy large areas, making their development challenging. Distributed small-scale grid-connected power generation systems, especially building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, are the mainstream of grid-connected power generation due to their advantages such as lower investment, faster construction, smaller footprint, and stronger policy support.
3. Distributed photovoltaic power generation system
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, also known as decentralized power generation or distributed energy supply, refer to the configuration of small-scale PV power generation systems at or near user sites to meet the needs of specific users, support the economic operation of existing power distribution networks, or simultaneously meet both of these requirements.
The basic equipment of a distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation system includes PV modules, PV array supports, DC combiner boxes, DC distribution cabinets, grid-connected inverters, and AC distribution cabinets. Additionally, it includes power supply system monitoring devices and environmental monitoring devices. Its operating mode is as follows: under solar radiation conditions, the PV system's solar cell array converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is then collected by the DC combiner box and fed into the DC distribution cabinet. The grid-connected inverter then converts this electrical energy into AC power to supply the building's own load. Excess or insufficient power is regulated by connecting to the power grid.
