Residential photovoltaic (PV) systems are distributed power generation systems that directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. They follow the principles of local power generation, local grid connection, local conversion, and local use. Their advantages and disadvantages include:
I. Advantages of Residential Photovoltaic Power Generation
1. Reduce losses and lower costs: Photovoltaic power sources are located on the user side, generating electricity to supply local loads and are considered as loads. This can effectively reduce dependence on grid power supply, reduce line losses, and save users' electricity costs. Surplus power can be fed into the grid or fully fed into the grid to generate income.
2. Low threshold: The construction threshold is low, and existing buildings can be fully utilized. Photovoltaic cells can also be used as building materials, effectively reducing the land area occupied by photovoltaic power stations.
3. Independent operation: It has an effective interface with smart grids and microgrids, operates flexibly, and can operate independently of the grid under appropriate conditions.
4. Green and environmentally friendly: Installing photovoltaic power stations on the roof not only provides heat insulation and cooling and aesthetic benefits, but also creates green benefits.
II. Disadvantages of Residential Photovoltaic Power Generation
1. Frequent component replacement: The power flow direction in the distribution network changes in a timely manner. Reverse power flow leads to additional losses, and related protection needs to be re-set. Transformer tap changes are also required.
2. Power control is difficult: There are difficulties in voltage and reactive power regulation. After the large-capacity photovoltaic system is connected, there are technical challenges in controlling the power factor, and the short-circuit power will also increase.
3. Increased management difficulty: Unified load management is required in the case of large-scale photovoltaic grid integration within a distribution network-level energy management system. This places new demands on secondary equipment and communication systems, increasing the system's complexity.
