Lithium-ion battery electric vehicles, also known as lithium-ion battery electric vehicles, refer to electric vehicles equipped with lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, the environmental problems caused by traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and the scarcity of petroleum resources have led people to focus on new energy vehicles. Pure electric vehicles, with their ability to truly achieve "zero emissions," have become an important direction for the development of electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries, with their superior performance, have become the ideal power source for the next generation of electric vehicles.
Electric vehicles have now entered thousands of households and become an essential means of transportation for many families. Taking the commonly used lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles as an example, this article summarizes some methods and precautions for charging and discharging lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Let's take a look.
Correct charging method for electric vehicle lithium batteries
1. When charging lithium batteries for electric vehicles, it is best to follow the charging instructions in the datasheet. If not, you need to calculate the charging time based on the capacity of the lithium battery and the current of the charger. For example, a 48V/20A lithium battery with a 5A charger will take a little over 4 hours to charge, a 10A charger will take a little over 2 hours, and a 20A charger will take one hour.
2. Generally, newly purchased electric vehicle lithium batteries are new and have a large capacity, so they will take longer to charge, reaching more than 10 hours without changing the charging indicator. This will gradually decrease, reducing to 6 hours after about 2 months, and then remaining constant for about 6 months. The battery capacity will continue to decline, and after 1 year, it can be fully charged in 3-4 hours. Of course, the battery will be about time to be replaced or require maintenance.
3. After buying the car, the lithium battery should have about 80% charge. You should charge it as soon as you get home. The charging time should be 4 hours after the charger indicator light changes. Do this three times.
4. Do not charge the lithium battery of an electric vehicle for too long; one hour after the charger indicator light changes is ideal. It's better to undercharge than overcharge, otherwise the battery may swell and bulge due to dehydration, causing irreparable damage to the lithium battery.
5. If possible, swap the individual cells in the entire electric vehicle lithium battery pack. For batteries past their warranty period, add 3-4 ml of deionized water to each individual cell every three to four months.
6. The discharge port and charging port of the entire electric vehicle lithium battery pack should be kept clean at all times to prevent copper rust from forming at the contact points, which could cause poor contact, overheating, and damage.
7. Before the first charge, the lithium battery of an electric vehicle should be fully charged, but not completely drained. When you first buy an electric vehicle, the battery level won't be too high or too low, unless it's an old or low-quality battery. When using it, you should estimate the approximate range based on the seller's estimate to avoid running out of power or overcharging.
8. Lithium battery electric vehicles do not require special activation methods; the lithium battery will activate naturally while the electric vehicle is in motion.
9. Performing a deep discharge periodically can also help "activate" the battery and slightly increase its capacity. The general method is to perform a complete discharge of the battery periodically.
Precautions for charging lithium batteries for electric vehicles
1. The battery does not need to be "activated".
Lithium batteries do not require charging for more than 12 hours for the first three times, and they have no memory effect.
2. Battery charging
Use the charger specified by the manufacturer to charge the battery. When charging, make sure that the charger model matches the battery model.
3. Avoid charging at high temperatures.
Do not charge electric vehicle lithium batteries in environments with temperatures exceeding 40°C, as high temperatures will cause battery capacity to degrade.
4. Charge in a timely manner
For lithium batteries, try to charge them as needed, and avoid letting the battery run low on voltage before recharging. This can greatly improve battery life.
5. Pay attention to the charging environment.
The optimal ambient temperature for charging is 25℃. Most chargers nowadays do not have an automatic temperature control system, so most are designed for an ambient temperature of 25℃. Therefore, charging at 25℃ is preferable.
In summary, lithium batteries in electric vehicles should be partially discharged, not over-discharged, and frequent full discharges should be avoided. Over-discharging can have disastrous consequences for the battery, especially high-current over-discharge or repeated over-discharge, which has a particularly significant impact on the battery. Overcharging must be avoided when charging lithium battery electric vehicles, and over-discharging should be strictly avoided during use.
