I. Composition of Electric Vehicle Motor Controller
The motor controller mainly consists of the following parts:
1. Electronic Controller Module
The electronic control module includes hardware circuitry and corresponding control software. The hardware circuitry mainly includes a microprocessor and its minimum system, monitoring circuits for motor current, voltage, speed, temperature, and other states, various hardware protection circuits, and communication circuits for data exchange with external control units such as the vehicle controller and battery management system. The control software implements corresponding control algorithms based on the characteristics of different types of motors.
2. Driver
The driver converts the microcontroller's control signals to the motor into drive signals for the power converter, and achieves isolation between the power signals and the control signals.
3. Power Converter Module
The power conversion module controls the motor current. Power devices commonly used in electric vehicles include high-power transistors, gate turn-off thyristors, power MOSFETs, insulated-gate bipolar transistors, and intelligent power modules.
II. Working Principle of Motor Controller
The electric motor drives the car forward, while the motor controller drives the motor to work. The motor controller consists of two parts: an inverter and a controller. The inverter receives DC power from the battery and converts it into three-phase AC power to power the car motor. The controller receives signals such as motor speed and feeds them back to the instrument panel. When braking or acceleration occurs, the controller controls the frequency of the inverter to increase or decrease, thereby achieving the purpose of acceleration or deceleration.
