Many people don't know what a controller is. So, what is a motion controller? What are the characteristics of a motion controller? The Transmission Network editor will explain it to you.
I. What is a motion controller?
A motion controller is a specialized controller that controls the operation of an electric motor. For example, a limit switch controls a DC contactor to move an object upwards to a designated position and then downwards; or a timer controller controls the motor to rotate forwards and backwards, or to rotate intermittently and then stop. The application of motion control in the industries of intelligent robots and CNC machining centers is more complex than its application in specialized equipment. Because the latter type of motion is simpler, it is often called general-purpose motion control (GMC).
II. Features of Motion Controllers
(1) The hardware configuration is simple. The system software can be formed by plugging the motion controller into the PC system bus and connecting the power cord.
(2) Development and design can be completed using the rich variety of mobile software already available on PCs;
(3) The motion control mobile phone software has good coding practicality and scalability;
(4) The project can be developed, designed and operated by a large number of staff, and development and design can be carried out without much business training.
III. Control Methods of Motion Controllers
Positioning point motion control: This refers to control that is only specified at the endpoint and is independent of the center of motion or the entire trajectory of the motion. The corresponding motion controller is required to have a faster positioning speed and to employ different acceleration and deceleration control strategies during the acceleration and deceleration phases of the motion.
When accelerating, to ensure the system can quickly reach the set speed, the system software gain and instantaneous velocity are typically increased, while an S-curve deceleration control strategy is used at the tail end of deceleration. To avoid system software oscillation after acceleration, the system software gain is appropriately reduced after acceleration. Therefore, positioning point motion controllers typically possess the capability of online variable control parameters and variable acceleration/deceleration curves.
Continuous motion trajectory control: This control, also known as contour control, is primarily used in the motion contour control of traditional CNC machine tools and laser cutting systems. The corresponding motion controller must address the challenge of ensuring both the precision of the machining contour and the stability of the radial velocity of the CNC cutting tool along the contour during rapid motion. For machining small lines, multiple pre-processing stages are included.
Synchronous motion control refers to the coordinated control of motion between multiple axes. This can involve synchronization of multiple axes throughout the entire motion process, or speed synchronization at certain points during the motion. It is primarily used in system control systems requiring electronic gearboxes and electronic camshafts. Industry applications include dyeing and printing, papermaking, steel rolling, and synchronous cutting. The corresponding motion controller's control algorithm often employs responsive feedforward control. By automatically adjusting the peak-to-peak value and phase difference of the control quantity, it ensures that a control effect with the same amplitude but opposite phase difference as the influence is applied at the input, thus suppressing periodic effects and ensuring system synchronization.
