The battery is the power source for electric vehicles. Most electric vehicles today use lead-acid batteries, which are inexpensive and cost-effective. Because these batteries are rechargeable and can be used repeatedly, they are called "lead-acid batteries."
In 1860, the Frenchman Planté invented a battery using lead electrodes, which was the precursor to the lead-acid battery.
structure
Lithium battery conductive coating
Conductive coating, also known as pre-coating, usually refers to a conductive coating applied to the surface of the positive electrode current collector—aluminum foil—in the lithium battery industry. Aluminum foil coated with conductive coating is called pre-coated aluminum foil or simply coated aluminum foil. Its earliest experiments in batteries can be traced back to the 1970s. In recent years, with the development of the new energy industry, especially lithium iron phosphate batteries, it has become a hot new technology or material in the industry.
Lithium battery conductive coating performance
Conductive coatings in lithium batteries effectively improve electrode adhesion, reduce binder usage, and significantly enhance battery electrical performance. We won't introduce products from major international companies, but rather focus on the only domestically produced product with independent intellectual property rights currently on the market—WX112. Developed and manufactured by Shanghai ZTE Energy Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of ZTE Corporation, the samples we received demonstrate that it meets technical requirements such as full coating, edge coating, and gap coating. Its performance is as follows:
1. Contact resistance decreased by 40%.
2. Adhesive usage reduced by 50%
3. At the same rate of increase, the battery voltage plateau is improved by 20%.
4. The adhesion between the material and the current collector is improved by 30%, and no delamination will occur after long-term cycling.
Instructions for use of carbon-coated aluminum foil
I. Material Description
Carbon-coated aluminum foil is made by a transfer coating process using a composite paste based on conductive carbon and high-purity electronic aluminum foil.
II. Scope of Application
Power lithium batteries with fine particulate active materials
The cathode is lithium iron phosphate.
The positive electrode is a fine-particle ternary/manganese lithium oxide
Used as a replacement for etched aluminum foil in supercapacitors and primary lithium batteries (lithium-thionyl, lithium-manganese, lithium-iron, button cells, etc.).
III. Effects on battery/capacitor performance
Suppress battery polarization, reduce thermal effects, and improve rate performance;
It reduces battery internal resistance and significantly reduces the increase in dynamic internal resistance during cycling;
Improved consistency increases battery cycle life;
Improve the adhesion between the active material and the current collector, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the electrode;
Protect the current collector from corrosion by the electrolyte;
Improve the high and low temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries and enhance the processing performance of lithium iron phosphate and lithium titanate materials.
IV. Recommended Parameters
The corresponding active material coating should preferably have a D50 of no more than 4 to 5 μm, a compaction density of no more than 2.25 g/cm, and a specific surface area in the range of 13 to 18 m²/g.
V. Precautions during use
1. Storage requirements: The aluminum foil must be stored in an environment with a temperature of 25±5℃ and a humidity not exceeding 50%. During transportation, the corrosion of the aluminum foil by air and water vapor must be avoided.
2. This product comes in two models, A and B, with the following key characteristics: Model A is black in appearance, with a standard coating thickness of 4-8 μm on both sides, and offers superior conductivity; Model B is light gray in appearance, with a standard coating thickness of 2-3 μm on both sides, allowing for fewer layers of soldering in the coated area, and enabling the coating machine to identify gaps.
3. Type B (gray) carbon-coated aluminum foil can be directly ultrasonically welded in the coated area, but it is only suitable for welding tabs to wound batteries (maximum of 2-3 layers of electrode sheets). However, the ultrasonic power and time need to be slightly adjusted.
4. The heat dissipation of carbon layers is worse than that of aluminum foil, so the belt speed and baking temperature need to be finely adjusted during coating.
5. This product significantly improves the overall performance of lithium batteries and capacitors, but it should not be used as the main factor to change any aspect of battery performance, such as battery energy density, high and low temperature performance, high voltage, etc.
Assembly equipment
Battery casting
The casting and welding machine, also known as a fully automatic battery casting and welding machine, is a small-scale valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery casting and welding equipment. The complete set of equipment includes fixtures, molds, a furnace, a cooling device, and a demolding and casing insertion device. The fixture consists of a fixed plate and a sliding pressure plate on the base plate, with positioning pins on the fixed plate. The casting and welding mold surface has busbar and terminal post-shaped grooves, and positioning holes. The demolding and casing insertion device includes a pneumatic demolding device and a pneumatic casing insertion device. This new casting and welding equipment solves the problems of low production efficiency and poor welding quality associated with manual welding in battery production, and significantly reduces human contact with lead. This equipment is simple and practical to operate, suitable for assembly and production in small and medium-sized valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery factories of various sizes.
Technical parameters
GD-1109-80
GD-1109-80
1. Machine Model: GD-1109-80, -120
2. Applicable voltage: AC±5%/50HZ
3. Maximum power: 16KW
4. Applicable power source: Air compressor
5. Gas source pressure: 0.8 MPa 6. Applicable scope: Various small lead-acid batteries
7. External dimensions: 1200×1400×2200mm
A Brief Analysis of the Current Situation, Problems, and Solutions for Electric Vehicles
With the increasing popularity of electric bicycles, also known as electric bikes, many people with high commuting needs have abandoned traditional human-powered bicycles and switched to battery-powered bicycles, which can still be propelled manually when the battery is depleted. This is the hybrid electric-human bicycle. Hybrid electric-human bicycles have gained widespread application and praise in large and medium-sized cities and even rural areas [including my personal hometown and now Beijing].
However, the development of hybrid electric bicycles has not been smooth sailing; its path to growth has been fraught with obstacles and difficulties. Policy issues [Beijing once considered registering electric bicycles and issuing driver's licenses, lol], battery charging problems [many households lack the environment and conditions to charge their electric bicycles], and range limitations [I once rode an electric bicycle without power for 20 kilometers, it was exhausting] have all restricted the development of electric bicycles. However, due to their grassroots appeal and low operating costs, electric bicycles have secured a significant market share.
The success of electric cars spurred the development of electric motorcycles and tricycles, which became wildly popular. But what about electric cars?
A farm vehicle factory in Shandong produced electric vehicles, circumventing some national regulations. Previously, these gasoline-powered and diesel-powered farm tricycles, considered road hazards, were now being replaced by electric vehicles, prompting the government to promptly halt production. While electric vehicles have caused some ripples in parts of Shandong, the road ahead remains difficult.
I. Battery life
An American electric car (I forgot the specific brand, but it was mentioned in a car magazine) has achieved a range of 300km and is working towards even greater range. However, compared to current ordinary family cars, this range is clearly not satisfactory for car enthusiasts. To solve the range problem, car manufacturers need to invest more money and manpower in battery research and development. Furthermore, assuming the battery issue is resolved and range is no longer a weakness, how to charge the car when the battery is depleted is a problem. Driving from Beijing to Shanghai, a gasoline car needs to refuel halfway through, and an electric car needs to be charged. A gasoline car can go on for ten to fifteen minutes at most, but what about an electric car? How long does it take to charge to ensure the electric car can continue driving all the way to Shanghai? It can't be charged overnight like an electric bicycle, can it?
Modular batteries might solve this charging problem, but do all electric vehicles worldwide need to be equipped with standardized modular batteries? The answer is yes. Battery specifications should not exceed a combination of all gasoline and diesel standards; otherwise, charging stations, or range nodes, would be difficult to operate at low cost.
Modular batteries are something to consider.
II. Torque
I'm not a professional, but the magazine mentioned that electric vehicles have less torque than gasoline vehicles, which means their peak power output will be lower. I don't know much about this, but I personally believe that the output power can be adjusted through the motor itself and the transmission, so I don't think this is the biggest problem.
III. Policy Issues
Whether national policy adopts a supportive or suppressive approach can completely reverse the situation, and the policy inclination has a significant impact on domestic industry. Industries such as coal, steel, automobiles, and civil aviation all develop according to policy. Those who don't understand policy shouldn't talk about industry and commerce, shouldn't engage in academia, and will find it difficult to survive.
The government calls for a low-carbon economy, but there's been no action on large-displacement vehicles. Similarly, while advocating for a low-carbon economy, there's a lack of interest in wind and nuclear power. Products that fail to create new economic growth points are not good products; instead, they negatively impact the nascent national automotive industry, making them even less desirable.
Where does the technological capability of the national automotive industry lie if it wants to develop electric vehicles? Without technological research and development capabilities, it's like water without a source. Huawei—Huawei is plundering, it's exploiting future wealth. Companies without humanistic care are like celebrities injected with bacteria—does it look good? Yes, it looks good. But the future is ugly. Celebrities don't care about tomorrow because tomorrow is destined to be bleak, but companies need to care.
The good news is that the automotive industry has begun to pay attention to this product. It's believed that highly intelligent elites will be able to design a solution that transcends reality, ultimately building a financial empire for electric vehicles (for home, industrial, commuting, racing, yachts, and motorcycles), just like Microsoft, and creating a green transportation world without exhaust fumes, waste oil, carburetors, or air filters. This is all predicated on the source of electricity being wind, nuclear, solar, and biogas from waste.
