Low-temperature lithium batteries are a type of lithium metal battery with an operating temperature range of -20°C to 60°C. They can function normally at low temperatures, but their charge and discharge efficiency is relatively low. They offer advantages such as small size, high specific energy, good cycle performance, and low cost.
Low-temperature lithium batteries are made with special materials and processes, suitable for use in sub-zero cold environments, and have excellent discharge capacity and working performance. They are generally required to work normally in an environment of around -40 degrees Celsius, with a discharge capacity of over 80%, and a minimum operating temperature of -50 degrees Celsius.
The low-temperature lithium battery uses VGCF and activated carbon with a specific surface area of (2000±500)㎡/g as additives and matching positive and negative electrode materials. It is injected with a special electrolyte with special additives to ensure the low-temperature discharge function of the lithium battery. At the same time, the volume change rate after being placed at 70℃ for 24 hours is ≤0.5%, which has the safety and storage functions of conventional lithium batteries.
Types of low-temperature lithium batteries
Low-temperature lithium batteries are classified into three series according to their application environment: civilian low-temperature batteries, special low-temperature batteries, and extreme environment low-temperature batteries.
1. Civilian low-temperature lithium batteries: At -20℃, the battery retains over 90% of its rated capacity at 0.2C discharge; at -30℃, the battery retains over 85% of its rated capacity at 0.2C discharge.
2. Special low-temperature lithium batteries: At -40℃, the battery discharges to over 80% of its rated capacity at 0.2℃.
3. In extreme low-temperature environments, the lithium battery discharges at -50℃, retaining more than 50% of its rated capacity at 0.2 GHz.
Applications of low-temperature lithium batteries
Low-temperature lithium batteries are widely used due to their advantages such as light weight, high specific energy and long life. They are suitable for use in sub-zero cold environments and are commonly used in power supplies for military equipment, aviation, aerospace, deep-sea submersible equipment, polar scientific research and exploration equipment, cold-weather rescue and disaster relief, and power supplies for cold-weather clothing, cold-weather shoes and lights.
