What are the functions of a lithium-ion battery protection board? How can it better protect custom-made lithium-ion batteries? Custom-made lithium-ion batteries require protection boards due to their inherent characteristics. The internal reaction of lithium-ion batteries is unstable, making them prone to explosion and fire. This dangerous accident occurs due to overcharging and over-discharging. Therefore, each lithium-ion battery assembly contains a lithium-ion battery protection board. So, what are the functions of a lithium-ion battery protection board? How can it better protect custom-made lithium-ion batteries? Let's find out below.
Customized lithium-ion batteries consist of two main parts: the lithium-ion battery cell and the protection board. If the lithium-ion battery cell is the "heart" of the battery, then the protection board is the various protective antibodies that safeguard that heart. A safe and reliable lithium-ion battery must include the protection board. Customized lithium-ion battery cells, when overcharged to a voltage higher than 4.2V, will begin to exhibit adverse effects; the higher the overcharge voltage, the greater the danger.
What are the functions of a lithium-ion battery protection board?
Lithium-ion battery protection boards are widely used in lithium-ion battery fields such as electric vehicles, model aircraft and drones, mobile lighting and mining lamps, power tools, electric bicycles and motorcycles, communication base stations and energy storage equipment, and medical device UPS.
1. The protection board, as the most important function in customized lithium-ion batteries, is to protect the charging and discharging of lithium-ion battery packs connected in series or parallel. When fully charged, it ensures that the voltage values of each individual cell within the battery pack remain consistent, guaranteeing that each cell is fully charged. In addition, the protection board also detects overcurrent, short circuit, overtemperature, and overvoltage conditions of the lithium-ion battery, protecting it from over-discharge, over-charge, overcurrent, and short circuits.
Short circuits in lithium-ion batteries pose a significant risk. A short circuit causes a large current to flow through the battery, generating substantial heat and severely shortening its lifespan. In more serious cases, the heat can cause the battery to burn and explode. Customized protection boards for lithium-ion batteries function by instantly shutting down in the event of a high current, preventing further power flow and heat generation within the battery.
Overcharge protection: As the charging capacity of a lithium-ion battery increases, its voltage also increases. When the battery voltage exceeds the overcharge voltage threshold of the protection board, the protection board will cut off the battery power and stop charging. Over-discharge protection: As the discharge capacity of a lithium-ion battery decreases, its voltage also decreases. When the battery voltage drops to the over-discharge voltage threshold of the protection board, the protection board will shut down the battery and stop discharging.
2. The lithium-ion battery protection board also features functions such as power detection, remaining power display, battery working status display, and remote communication control; in addition, it can be equipped with equalization, temperature control, and soft switching functions.
How to better protect custom-made lithium-ion batteries?
In custom-made lithium-ion batteries, in addition to voltage limitations, current limitations are also necessary during charging and discharging. If the current is too high, the lithium-ion batteries may not have enough time to enter the storage cells and will accumulate on the material surface. These lithium ions, after gaining electrons, will crystallize on the material surface, which, like overcharging, poses a danger. If the battery casing ruptures, it can explode.
Protection for custom lithium-ion batteries should include at least: ① upper limit of charging voltage; ② lower limit of discharging voltage; ③ upper limit of current.
In general, a protection board is included in a custom lithium-ion battery pack, in addition to the custom lithium-ion battery cells. The main purpose of this protection board is to provide these three protections. However, these three protections are obviously not enough. Lithium-ion battery explosions are still frequently reported globally. To ensure the stability of the battery system, the causes of battery explosions need to be analyzed more carefully. Only in this way can lithium-ion batteries be better protected and used effectively.
When choosing a lithium-ion battery customization manufacturer, it's crucial that they have a good grasp of your specific lithium-ion battery requirements, such as customization of battery size, performance, and environmental specifications. Safety and stability are also essential. As everyone knows, lithium-ion batteries pose a risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion, not to mention inferior products. Therefore, reliable safety is the most basic requirement for lithium-ion batteries.
