Energy storage batteries mainly refer to batteries used in solar power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, and renewable energy storage.
The main uses of energy storage batteries are as follows:
(1) Regulate voltage (stabilize voltage)
Because the operating characteristics of solar cells are affected by changes in factors such as solar radiation intensity and temperature, when solar cell modules are directly connected to a load, the load often struggles to operate at its optimal state, resulting in low system efficiency. However, when a battery is used as an energy storage battery, it clamps the operating voltage of the solar cell, transforming the process into the solar cell charging the energy storage battery. The energy storage battery then steadily (especially in terms of voltage) supplies power to the load, ensuring the system operates at its optimal state.
(2) Supply instantaneous high current discharge
The applications of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are expanding, especially off-grid PV systems. When they enter homes, they are used to start household appliances such as refrigerators (compressors), and power electric vehicles and motors. This is because these devices require a large starting current, often 5 to 10 times the rated operating current. However, the solar cell modules in a PV system are limited by the maximum short-circuit current and sunlight intensity, making it difficult for PV arrays to meet the starting current requirements. Using batteries, a large current can be supplied instantaneously to start the load.
(3) Storing electrical energy
In most off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems, the voltage and current of the PV cell (solar panel) array cannot perfectly match the load (electrical appliances). Especially when natural conditions change—such as cloudy days, rainy days, or variations in sunlight intensity at night—the PV cells cannot supply full energy, resulting in difficulties for the normal operation of electrical appliances (loads). With energy storage batteries that can regulate energy metabolism, a PV system equipped with an energy storage device can satisfactorily and stably supply the electrical appliances with the required power. Therefore, using energy storage batteries to store energy in a PV system is essential.
