Ternary lithium batteries, also known as ternary lithium polymer batteries, are lithium batteries that use nickel-cobalt manganese oxide or nickel-cobalt aluminate as the positive electrode material. Due to their smaller size, higher capacity density, and low-temperature resistance, ternary lithium batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles.
The lifespan of ternary lithium batteries is calculated based on the proportion of capacity decay after a certain period of use, ending when the capacity lifespan reaches zero. The industry standard is to define the cycle life as one full charge followed by one discharge cycle.
The theoretical lifespan of a lithium battery is 1200 times that of a full charge-discharge cycle, i.e., its complete cycle life. Based on usage frequency, charging and discharging once every three days, or 120 times a year, a ternary lithium battery can last approximately 10 years. In actual use, battery lifespan is affected by various factors such as manufacturer technology, battery management technology, external environment, driver habits, and charging methods; therefore, actual usage conditions should be considered.
Currently, most automakers offer an 8-year/120,000 km warranty on the three core electric components (battery, motor, and electronic control system), with some even offering a lifetime warranty. However, if the vehicle is intended for commercial use rather than ordinary household use, it's unlikely to last eight years. With advancements in battery technology, particularly in new battery materials, battery management technologies, and battery structure innovations, power batteries are becoming more durable and safer.
In daily use, the maintenance of ternary lithium batteries is also extremely important. Charge them promptly when the remaining charge is 20%-30% to avoid over-discharging. Unless for long-distance use, it is not recommended to fully charge ternary lithium batteries; charging to 90% or below is better. Fully charging at high voltage can easily lead to the consumption of active materials, shortening the battery's lifespan.
In addition, batteries are composed of multiple battery cells. Due to inconsistencies in cell production and electrochemical reactions, a fully charged battery can easily lead to overcharging of a particular cell, thus affecting battery life.
