The commonly referred to "water battery" is a type of lead-acid battery. It contains an electrolyte, specifically a sulfuric acid solution with a density of 1.28 when fully charged. Another type of lead-acid battery is the gel battery, which uses a gel instead of an electrolyte.
Lead-acid batteries (VRLA) are rechargeable batteries whose electrodes are primarily made of lead and its oxides, and whose electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state, the positive electrode is mainly composed of lead dioxide, and the negative electrode is mainly composed of lead; in the charged state, both the positive and negative electrodes are mainly composed of lead sulfate.
A single lead-acid battery cell has a nominal voltage of 2.0V, can discharge to 1.5V, and can be charged to 2.4V. In applications, six single lead-acid batteries are often connected in series to form a lead-acid battery with a nominal voltage of 12V. There are also 24V, 36V, and 48V batteries.
The lead-acid battery was invented by the Frenchman Planté in 1859. It has undergone nearly 150 years of development. Lead-acid batteries have made great progress in theoretical research, product types and varieties, and electrical performance. Whether in transportation, communication, power, or navigation and various economic fields, lead-acid batteries have played an indispensable role.
Lead-acid battery structure
Lead-acid battery structure
Based on the differences in structure and application, lead-acid batteries can be roughly divided into four categories: 1. Starting lead-acid batteries; 2. Power lead-acid batteries; 3. Stationary valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries; 4. Other categories, including small valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries for mining lamps, etc.
A single lead-acid battery cell has a nominal voltage of 2.0V, can discharge to 1.5V, and can be charged to 2.4V. In applications, six single lead-acid batteries are often connected in series to form a lead-acid battery with a nominal voltage of 12V. There are also 24V, 36V, and 48V batteries available.
Key features
Safety Seal
lead-acid batteries
lead-acid batteries
Under normal operation, the electrolyte will not leak from the battery terminals or casing. There is no free acid.
A special absorbent septum holds the acid inside, so there is no free acid inside the battery and it can be placed anywhere.
Air relief system
When the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the normal level, the VRLA battery will release excess gas and automatically reseal itself to ensure that there is no excess gas inside the battery.
Simple maintenance
Because the gas recombination system converts the generated gas into water, no water needs to be added during the use of VRLA batteries.
Long service life
VRLA batteries, which use lead-calcium alloy plates with corrosion-resistant structures, can be float-charged for 10-15 years.
Stable quality and high reliability
Utilizing advanced manufacturing processes and a rigorous quality control system, VRLA batteries ensure stable quality and reliable performance. Voltage, capacity, and sealing are 100% inspected online.
Security Certification
All VRLA batteries are UL safety certified.
Product Application
backup power
*telecommunications
*Solar System
*Electronic switching system
*Communication equipment: base stations, PBX, CATV, WLL, ONU, STB, cordless phones, etc.
*Backup power supplies: UPS, ECR, computer backup systems, Sequence, ETC, etc.
Emergency equipment: emergency lights, fire and burglar alarms, fire shutters.
main power supply
*Communication equipment: transceiver
*Electrically controlled locomotives: data collection vehicles, automated guided vehicles, electric wheelchairs, cleaning robots, electric vehicles, etc.
*Machine tool starters: lawnmowers, hedge trimmers, cordless drills, electric screwdrivers, electric sleds, etc.
Industrial equipment/instruments
*Camera: Flash, VTR/VCR, movie lights, etc.
Other portable devices, etc.
Product Structure
VRLA batteries are designed such that a portion of the electrolyte is absorbed into the electrodes and separators, thereby increasing the oxygen absorption capacity of the negative electrode, preventing electrolyte loss, and enabling the battery to be sealed.
Electrochemical reactions in electrodes
The electrochemical reaction formula of a valve-regulated lead-acid battery is shown below. Charging involves connecting an external DC power source to the battery to charge it, converting electrical energy into chemical energy for storage. Discharging involves releasing electrical energy from the battery to power external devices.
When the VRLA battery is nearing the end of its charge, the charging current is only used to decompose the water in the electrolyte. At this time, oxygen is produced at the positive electrode and hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode. The gas will overflow from the battery, causing the electrolyte to decrease, and water needs to be added from time to time.
On the other hand, at the end of the charging process or under overcharge conditions, the charging energy is used to decompose water. The oxygen produced at the positive electrode reacts with the spongy lead at the negative electrode, leaving part of the negative electrode in an unfilled state and inhibiting the production of hydrogen at the negative electrode.
