Industrial robots require a precise and simple end effector capable of handling a wide variety of parts. Therefore, it's crucial to understand the types of parts that will be processed before selecting an industrial robot gripper. This article outlines six key considerations for systematically choosing a robot gripper.
1) Shape
Asymmetrical, tubular, spherical, and conical parts are a headache for robot unit designers. Considering the shape of the parts is very important. Some jig manufacturers offer different fingertips that can be added to jigs to suit specific applications. You should ask if a jig is suitable for your specific application.
2) Dimensions
The minimum and maximum dimensions of the object to be processed are crucial data. You will need to measure other geometric locations to determine the optimal gripping position for the fixture. Both internal and external geometry need to be considered.
3) Number of parts
Whether using a tool changer or an adaptive fixture, it is essential to ensure that the robotic tool correctly handles all parts. Tool changers are large and expensive, but they can be used to work on virtual portions of parts using the correct custom tools.
4) Weight
The maximum weight of the part must be known. The payload capacity of the gripper and the robot must be understood. Secondly, ensure the gripper has the necessary clamping force to handle the part.
5) Materials
The material composition of the components will also be a key consideration in the clamping solution. Size and weight can be addressed by the clamp, and the material must be compatible with the clamp to ensure proper gripping of the components. For example, some grippers cannot be used to handle fragile items (such as ceramics, wax, thin metals, or glass) as they can easily damage them. However, for adaptive clamps, the gripping surface can appropriately reduce the impact on fragile surfaces, thus force-controlled clamps can also be part of the solution.
6) Production Planning
It's necessary to consider whether the product's manufacturing process will change over time. If the assembly line has been producing the same parts for the past decade, it's unlikely to change frequently. On the other hand, if the assembly line integrates new parts every year, the fixtures should be able to accommodate these additions. It's even possible to consider whether the gripper used is suitable for other applications. Taking this factor into account, select a gripper that ensures the fixture can adapt to potential future operations of the robotic cell.
By determining the part specifications, this data can be compared with available fixture specifications. The required fixture stroke can be determined by the shape and size of the parts that must be processed. Taking into account the part's material and weight, the required clamping force can be calculated. Determining which different parts the fixture can handle reveals whether the robot requires a tool changer or whether a single fixture can function properly.
Choosing the right gripper allows industrial robots to function well and achieve their maximum potential.
