The key components of new energy vehicles are batteries, motors, and electronic control systems, with the power battery being the most critical. Currently, the most common types of batteries for new energy vehicles are ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and nickel-metal hydride batteries.
Among them, ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries have relatively high energy density and stable performance, and these two types of batteries are the most widely used in electric vehicles. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are also a high-performance type of battery and are gradually being applied in the field of new energy vehicles.
1. Ternary lithium battery
Ternary lithium batteries have better low-temperature performance, making them generally suitable for use in cold regions. They can operate even in environments as low as -30 degrees Celsius. However, a drawback of ternary lithium batteries is their relatively low thermal runaway temperature, only around 200 degrees Celsius, making them unsuitable for use in hot regions and prone to spontaneous combustion.
2. Lithium iron phosphate battery
Lithium iron phosphate batteries offer better stability and a higher thermal runaway temperature, reaching over 800 degrees Celsius, making them suitable even in hot regions. However, they also suffer from poor low-temperature performance, making them unsuitable for cold environments and reducing battery lifespan.
3. Nickel-metal hydride batteries
Currently, most new energy vehicles use ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries, but some models still use nickel-metal hydride batteries. In battery design, nickel-metal hydride batteries have relatively good safety performance. If improper overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, or other situations cause the internal working pressure of the battery to rise, a recoverable safety valve will automatically open to prevent the battery from exploding.
