1. Different in nature of concept
Lithium-ion batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloys as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. They rely heavily on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to function. During charging and discharging, Li+ ions repeatedly insert and extract between the two electrodes; during charging, Li+ ions extract from the positive electrode, pass through the electrolyte, and insert into the negative electrode, leaving the negative electrode in a lithium-rich state; the reverse occurs during discharging. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium-ion batteries, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal require very strict environmental control.
Storage battery: Also known as a secondary battery, a storage battery is a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is designed for rechargeability, achieving recharging through a reversible chemical reaction. Lead-acid batteries are commonly used. After discharge, the internal active materials can be regenerated through charging, storing electrical energy as chemical energy; when discharging again, the chemical energy is converted back into electrical energy. In short, a storage battery is an electrochemical device that stores chemical energy and releases it as electrical energy when necessary.
2. Different safety performance
Lithium-ion batteries: The stability and reliable safety design of lithium-ion batteries come from the positive electrode material. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have undergone rigorous safety testing and will not explode even in severe collisions. Lithium iron phosphate has high thermal stability and low electrolyte oxidation capacity, thus ensuring high safety.
Storage batteries: Lead-acid batteries can explode under strong impact, posing a threat to consumers' lives.
3. Different prices
Lithium-ion batteries: Lithium-ion batteries are expensive, costing about three times more than lead-acid batteries. Considering lifespan, with the same investment, lithium-ion batteries still have a longer lifespan.
Storage battery: The price of a storage battery ranges from several hundred to several thousand yuan, and the prices are roughly the same for each manufacturer.
4. Different levels of green and environmental protection
Lithium-ion battery materials contain no toxic or harmful substances and are considered green and environmentally friendly batteries worldwide. These batteries are pollution-free in both production and use, comply with European RoHS regulations, and are therefore green and environmentally friendly batteries.
Lead-acid batteries contain a large amount of lead, and improper disposal after disposal will pollute the environment.
5. In terms of cycle life
Lithium-ion batteries have a longer lifespan, while rechargeable batteries have a relatively shorter lifespan. The cycle life of a lithium-ion battery is typically around 2000-3000 cycles.
The battery cycle life is around 300-500 times.
6. Gravimetric energy density
The energy density of lithium-ion batteries is generally between 200 and 260 Wh/g, which is 3 to 5 times that of lead-acid batteries. This means that for the same capacity, lead-acid batteries are 3 to 5 times more powerful than lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries have an absolute advantage in terms of lightweight energy storage devices.
Lead-acid batteries typically have an energy density of 50-70 Wh/g, which is low and makes them too bulky.
7. Volumetric Energy
The volumetric capacity density of lithium-ion batteries is typically about 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, so for the same capacity, lithium-ion batteries are about 30% smaller in volume than lead-acid batteries.
8. Different temperature ranges
Lithium-ion batteries operate at temperatures ranging from -20 to 60 degrees Celsius, while lithium iron phosphate batteries can reach thermal peaks of 350 to 500 degrees Celsius, still capable of releasing 100% of their capacity even at high temperatures.
The normal operating temperature of a battery is -5 to 45 degrees Celsius. For every 1 degree Celsius decrease in temperature, the relative capacity of the battery decreases by approximately 0.8%.
