Of course, in addition to the main chip, there are all sorts of functional ICs . But here's the question: what are the internal circuits of these chips like?
Leaving aside the complexities, the internal circuit principles of a chip could take half a month to explain (we don't understand them either, we just follow the chip manual), but we can still learn about the basic components of the internal circuitry of a chip.
However, no matter how complex a chip is, it cannot function without some basic circuit units. It basically only needs these 8 types of circuits: AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XNOR gate, and transmission gate .
These eight basic circuit units are actually logic units. By arranging and combining these eight gate circuits in different ways, almost any complex chip can be constructed.
(In the following text, 1 represents a high level and 0 represents a low level.)
AND gate
The output is 1 only when both inputs are 1; otherwise, if even one input fails, the output will always be 0.
OR gate
The output is 1 if any one of the inputs is 1, and 0 if both inputs are 0.
NOT gate
If the input is 1, the output is 0; if the input is 0, the output is 1, and vice versa.
NAND gate
A NAND gate is a combination of an AND gate and a NOT gate. That is, the result obtained after two inputs are passed through an AND gate is then transformed by a NOT gate. For example, if two 1s are input, after passing through an AND gate, the result is 1. Then, this result 1 is transformed by a NOT gate to get the result 0, which is also the final result.
OR NOT gate
Similar to the concept of a NAND gate, it is a combination of an OR gate and a NOT gate, performing an OR operation first and then a NOT operation.
XOR gate
An XOR gate compares the signals at its input terminals to determine if they are the same. If the two inputs are the same, such as both being 1, the output is 1. Otherwise, if the two inputs are different, such as one being 0 and the other being 1, the output is 0.
XOR gate
The XOR gate and the XOR gate produce opposite results; they are essentially XOR gates with a NOT gate added.
Transmission gate
A teleportation gate? That's a bit like science fiction.
This transmission gate isn't from science fiction or fantasy; it's a controllable switch that can transmit both digital and analog signals.
The specific principle is as follows:
Although chips are composed of these basic gate circuits, their number is enormous, usually in the tens of thousands or millions. How to arrange and combine these internal units is a major headache.
