1. About the Internet of Things
Some readers may not be familiar with the Internet of Things (IoT), so this article will briefly introduce its concepts. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension and expansion of the internet, connecting various information sensing devices with the internet to form a vast network that enables interconnection between people, machines, and things anytime, anywhere. ---Source: Baidu Encyclopedia
We can divide the Internet of Things (IoT) into two main categories:
Industrial IoT: The local network is based on any of many different technologies. IoT devices typically transmit data via the global internet. Commercial IoT: Local communication is typically Bluetooth or Ethernet (wired or wireless). IoT devices usually only communicate with local devices.
2. Overview of Internet of Things Protocols
All IoT protocols are not built on the existing architecture model of OSI (Open System Interconnection) (physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer), but are divided into several layers to provide a certain degree of organization.
Infrastructure, such as: 6LowPAN, IPv4/IPv6, RPL;
Identification, such as: EPC, uCode, IPv6, URIs;
Comms / Transport, such as: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LPWAN;
Discovery, such as: Physical Web, mDNS, DNS-SD;
Data protocols, such as MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, WebSocket, and Node.js.
Device Management, such as TR-069, OMA-DM;
Semantic, such as: JSON-LD, Web Thing Model;
Multi-layer Frameworks, such as: Alljoyn, IoTivity, Weave, Homekit;
Each layer can be further divided into many categories (only some are listed above, and I believe everyone is already familiar with some of them). The specific type you choose to use depends on your framework and actual application.
3. Agreement Details
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a complex concept with many different aspects. Here are a few common ones.
1. Infrastructure IPv6: IPv6 is an Internet layer protocol used for packet-switched interconnected networks and provides end-to-end datagram transmission across multiple IP networks.
6LoWPAN: 6LoWPAN is an abbreviation for IPv6 on low-power wireless personal area networks. It is an IPv6 adaptation layer over IEEE 802.15.4 links. This protocol operates only in the 2.4 GHz frequency range at a transmission rate of 250 kbps.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): A simple OSI transport layer protocol used for Internet Protocol (IP)-based client/server network applications. UDP is a major alternative to TCP and is one of the oldest existing network protocols, introduced in 1980. UDP is typically used in applications specifically tuned for real-time performance.
uIP: uIP is an open-source TCP/IP protocol stack that can be used with 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers. It was originally developed by Adam Dunkels of the Network Embedded Systems group at the Swedish Academy of Computer Science and was licensed under a BSD style license, and has been further developed by numerous developers.
2.Comms / Transport
There are many technologies for communication and transport layers, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and NFC, which are probably familiar to most people. These technologies differ greatly in communication speed, and the choice should be made based on the specific application.
4. Internet of Things (IoT) Communication Framework
There are many IoT frameworks available on the market, with both free and paid solutions. Below are some framework diagrams to help beginners learn IoT technology.
1. Director of ARM IoT Platform
2. David E. Culler Open Standard Reference Model
3. Other
The above shares some common IoT protocols and frameworks. The specific choice depends on the actual situation. Hopefully, this article will give beginners a basic understanding of the IoT framework.
