We know that when winding coils for a motor spindle, the number of turns must be strictly controlled according to the motor parameters. For a motor, whether there are more or fewer turns, it will have a certain impact on the motor. This is because the windings in a motor are similar to inductors. If the motor is wound with more turns, the number of turns will increase, and the inductance will increase; if it is wound with fewer turns, the number of turns will decrease, and the inductance will also decrease. All of these will have some impact on the motor.
The motor coil is part of the motor stator circuit. When the motor is powered on, if the number of coils in the motor is less than the actual number, and the motor power is also relatively large, the current will increase because high-power motors have fewer turns and larger coil wire cross-sectional area. This will cause the magnetic flux density of the motor to increase and saturate, eventually causing the motor to overheat and burn out.
Meanwhile, from the perspective of external rotational speed, reducing the number of coil turns will increase the motor speed. Since the motor coil is wound by hand, the gap between the coil and the iron core increases, which to some extent reduces the number of coil turns.
Another student asked, "If winding fewer turns isn't enough, what if the motor winds more turns?"
Winding an electric motor with more turns not only wastes wire, but also increases the resistance and reactance of the motor windings, inevitably affecting the motor's performance. Firstly, increasing the number of turns increases the resistance of the motor windings, reducing the current and thus obviously decreasing the motor's power. Secondly, while increasing the number of windings will outwardly slow the motor speed when energized, it can extend the motor's lifespan.
In summary, for motors with varying power ratings, smaller motors typically have thinner wires and more turns, with one or two thousand turns per phase. Losing ten or eight turns during winding is not a significant issue and will have little impact on the motor.
However, it is different for high-power motors. Their windings are thicker and fewer, and increasing or decreasing the number of turns in the windings has a greater impact on the motor. Therefore, when actually winding the motor, the coil should be wound according to the original wire diameter and the original number of turns according to the actual needs. It is not possible to wind too few or too many, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve the original performance.
