With the booming development of the new energy vehicle industry, the domestic battery industry is also developing rapidly. As the core component of electric vehicles, the configuration of power batteries plays a crucial role. Currently, the types of batteries chosen by various automakers are roughly divided into two categories: ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. The differences between the two are as follows.
I. Different in nature:
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: A lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material.
2. Ternary lithium batteries: The positive electrode material of lithium batteries is ternary positive electrode material, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
II. Different main materials:
1. Lithium iron phosphate batteries: The main cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, ternary materials, and lithium iron phosphate. Among them, lithium cobalt oxide is the cathode material for most lithium-ion batteries.
2. Ternary lithium battery: Ternary composite cathode material is made of nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt as raw materials, and the ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs.
III. Different Applications:
1. Lithium iron phosphate batteries: Large electric vehicles: buses, electric cars, sightseeing vehicles and hybrid vehicles, etc.; Light electric vehicles: electric bicycles, golf carts, small flatbed electric vehicles, forklifts, cleaning vehicles, electric wheelchairs, etc.; Power tools: electric drills, electric saws, lawnmowers, etc.
2. Ternary lithium batteries: widely used in mobile and wireless electronic devices, power tools, hybrid and electric vehicles, and other fields.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries are lithium-ion batteries that use lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material. Lithium batteries, on the other hand, are batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloys as the negative electrode material and employ a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
Advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries
1. Ultra-long lifespan: Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a long lifespan, with a cycle life of over 2000 cycles. Under the same conditions, lithium iron phosphate batteries can be used for 7-8 years.
2. Safety in use: Lithium iron phosphate batteries have undergone rigorous safety testing and will not explode even in traffic accidents.
3. Energy saving and environmental protection: Lithium iron phosphate batteries are green and environmentally friendly, non-toxic and pollution-free, with widely available and inexpensive raw materials.
4. Fast charging: Using a dedicated charger, the battery can be fully charged in 40 minutes at 1.5C.
5. High temperature resistance: Lithium iron phosphate batteries are resistant to high temperatures, with a hot air value that can reach 350-500℃.
6. Large capacity: Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a large capacity.
Disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries
1. The actual density of the positive electrode of lithium iron phosphate battery is low, generally around 0.8-1.3.
2. Poor conductivity, slow lithium-ion diffusion rate, and low actual specific capacity during high charge and discharge cycles.
3. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have poor low-temperature performance.
4. A single lithium iron phosphate battery has a long lifespan, around 2000 cycles, but a lithium iron phosphate battery pack has a short lifespan, generally around 500 cycles.
Application areas of lithium iron phosphate batteries
Large electric vehicles, light electric vehicles, power tools, solar and wind power energy storage equipment, UPS and emergency lights, warning lights and mining lamps, small medical instruments and equipment, and portable instruments.
Advantages of lithium batteries
1. It has relatively high energy density, reaching 460-600Wh/kg, which is 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries.
2. It has high power handling capacity. The lithium iron phosphate batteries used in electric vehicles can achieve a charge-discharge capacity of 15-30C, which is convenient for high-intensity start-up acceleration.
3. Lightweight, weighing approximately 1/6 to 1/5 of lead-acid products of the same volume.
4. It has strong adaptability to high and low temperatures and can be used in environments ranging from -20 to 60℃. With processing, it can be used in environments as low as -45℃.
5. Green and environmentally friendly, it does not contain any toxic or harmful heavy metal elements and substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, whether in production, use, or disposal.
Disadvantages of lithium batteries
1. Lithium batteries cannot discharge at high currents, are expensive, and have poor safety.
2. All lithium batteries require protection circuits to prevent overcharging and over-discharging.
3. High production requirements and high costs.
4. There are limitations on the conditions of use, and it is dangerous to use at high and low temperatures.
Application areas of lithium batteries
Transportation power supply, power storage power supply, mobile communication power supply, new energy storage power supply, aerospace and military power supply.
Difference between lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium batteries
1. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are used to make lithium-ion secondary batteries. Currently, the main focus is on power batteries. Compared with Ni-H and Ni-Cd batteries, they have significant advantages.
2. Lithium-ion batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloys as the positive electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The chemical reactivity of lithium metal makes its processing, storage, use, and environmental requirements extremely stringent.
3. Lithium iron phosphate batteries will not catch fire or explode, unlike lithium batteries.
4. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are resistant to overcharging and will not catch fire or explode even at 100%. Lithium batteries will swell when they reach the specified values.
What is a ternary lithium battery?
Ternary polymer lithium batteries: Lithium batteries using lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Li(NiCoMn)O2) as the positive electrode material. According to authoritative experts, "ternary" material refers to the commonly used term "ternary power battery" where the positive electrode is ternary and the negative electrode is graphite. However, in a certain sense, in production and manufacturing applications, there is another type with a ternary positive electrode and lithium titanate as the negative electrode, usually called "lithium titanate." Its performance is relatively safer and its lifespan is relatively longer; it does not belong to the commonly referred to "ternary material."
Advantages of lithium batteries
1. It has relatively high energy density, with a storage energy density of 460-600Wh/kg, which is 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries.
2. It has high power handling capacity. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries used in electric vehicles can achieve a charge-discharge capacity of 15-30C, which is beneficial for high-intensity start-up acceleration.
3. Lightweight, weighing approximately 1/6 to 1/5 of lead-acid products of the same volume.
4. It has strong adaptability to high and low temperatures and can be used in environments ranging from -20 to 60℃. With process treatment, it can be used in environments as low as -45℃.
5. Green and environmentally friendly, it does not contain any toxic or harmful heavy metal elements or substances such as lead, mercury, or cadmium, whether in production, manufacturing, application, or disposal.
Disadvantages of lithium batteries
1. Lithium batteries cannot discharge at high currents, are relatively expensive, and have poor safety performance.
2. All lithium batteries require protection circuits to prevent overcharging and over-discharging.
3. The production and manufacturing requirements are high, resulting in relatively high costs.
4. Application conditions are limited, and high and low temperature applications are dangerous.
Main application areas of lithium batteries
Transportation power supply, power engineering energy storage power supply, mobile communication power supply, new energy energy storage power supply, and leading military power supply.
Difference between lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium batteries
1. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are used to make lithium-ion secondary batteries. Currently, their main application is in power batteries. Compared with Ni-H and Ni-Cd batteries, they have significant advantages.
2. Lithium-ion batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloys as the positive electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal necessitate stringent requirements for its processing, storage, application, and environmental control.
3. Lithium iron phosphate batteries will not catch fire or explode, unlike lithium batteries.
4. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are resistant to overcharging and will not catch fire or explode even when charged to 100%. Lithium batteries will swell when they reach the specified values.
