Lithium battery protection board
A lithium battery protection board provides charge and discharge protection for series and parallel battery packs. It also detects overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, undervoltage, and short circuit conditions in individual cells, extending battery life and preventing damage from over-discharge. The lithium battery protection board is an indispensable component of lithium batteries.
Lithium battery protection boards also have a balancing protection function, which can be implemented in two ways: energy dissipation and energy conversion. Energy dissipation balancing refers to using a resistor to dissipate excess energy from the battery with the highest charge or voltage in a multi-cell battery pack. Energy dissipation balancing is further divided into charging-time balancing, voltage-fixed-point balancing, and static automatic balancing.
Equalization during charging: When any battery's voltage exceeds the average voltage of all batteries during charging, the protection board activates equalization protection.
Voltage fixed-point equalization: The lithium battery protection board starts equalization at a fixed voltage point, which is only performed at the end of battery charging and the equalization time is short.
Static automatic balancing: This is performed during charging or discharging. Even if the battery is in a static state, the lithium battery protection board will activate balancing protection when the voltage is inconsistent until the voltage is consistent.
Energy transfer involves transferring energy from a large-capacity battery to a small-capacity battery in a storage manner, and then balancing the battery capacity by detecting the capacity. This is divided into real-time capacity balancing and fixed-point capacity balancing.
Battery Management System
A Battery Management System (BMS) measures battery voltage and includes functions such as battery protection, battery balancing, battery reserve, energy calculation, and network communication. A BMS can prevent abnormal conditions such as over-discharge, over-charge, and over-temperature.
The Battery Management System (BMS) measures the current and voltage in the battery cells and sends this information to an application that determines the battery's state, known as the state of charge or SOC. These measurements also help the application determine the battery's state of health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL) by calculating the battery's actual maximum capacity (which decreases over time). It will estimate whether the battery is still functional or needs replacement and can perform other optimizations. For example, by determining the SOC and SOH of each battery cell, the BMS can balance its charging and discharging to ensure even wear, thereby extending battery life and achieving greater performance.
One safety feature of the Battery Management System (BMS) that many designers often overlook is its accuracy. The system's accuracy contributes to its performance, but it also determines whether the battery is experiencing overvoltage or undervoltage, or whether the system is overheating or experiencing overcurrent. For example, in the event of a collision, an electric vehicle must determine that the battery is no longer within typical specifications and must initiate a shutdown; otherwise, the damage could be catastrophic.
Because lithium batteries may suffer damage to their performance or even explode under severe overcharging or over-discharging conditions, the purpose of a battery management system is to monitor, protect, and balance the management of lithium batteries, thereby improving their efficiency.
Differences and similarities between lithium battery protection boards and battery management systems (BMS)
Both lithium battery protection boards and battery management systems serve to protect lithium batteries. The difference between them lies in:
1. The lithium battery protection board, composed of ICs, MOSFETs, resistors, and capacitors, is a crucial component of the lithium battery. The battery management system (BMS) is editable and comes with its own battery management software, making it more intelligent and acting as the "brain" of the lithium battery, playing a control role.
2. Lithium battery protection boards play an important role in both 3C lithium batteries and power batteries, while battery management systems are used in the power battery field.
3. Battery management systems are easier to operate than battery protection boards, but their performance is unstable at low temperatures.
Global Automotive Battery Management System Market Trend Analysis
Global Automotive Battery Management System Market: Dynamics
The growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles is a key factor that is expected to increase demand for automotive battery management systems and drive growth in the global market during the forecast period.
Furthermore, the increasing global awareness of the safety and optimal use of automotive battery packs is also expected to increase demand for automotive battery management systems during the forecast period.
The increasing adoption of stringent battery management policies is expected to drive growth in the global automotive battery management system market during the forecast period. Furthermore, government subsidies for the development of technologically advanced batteries and battery management systems are another factor projected to contribute to market growth during the forecast period.
Furthermore, the rapid proliferation of various automotive electrical appliances globally over the next 10 years is expected to increase the demand for automotive battery management systems.
However, the design complexity of automotive battery management components is a major factor that could hinder global market growth during the forecast period. Similarly, the lack of adequate charging infrastructure is another factor expected to limit growth in the target market to some extent.
Global Automotive Battery Management System Market: Segmentation Analysis
Among vehicle types, the passenger vehicle sector is expected to account for the highest growth in the global automotive battery management system market, due to the increasing adoption of automotive battery management systems in various types of passenger vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
Among different demographics, IC engine vehicles are expected to capture a major share of the global automotive battery management system market due to their safer operation, smaller engine size, higher efficiency, and ability to help reduce emissions and save energy.
Global Automotive Battery Management System Market: Regional Analysis
North America holds the largest share of the global market, followed by Europe, driven by strong sales growth in passenger and commercial vehicles based on automotive battery management systems across the region. The global market is projected to experience significant CAGR growth due to the rapid development of automotive and electronic battery management infrastructure in countries like China and India within the region. Markets in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America are expected to see moderate revenue growth, driven by increasing individual adoption of electric vehicles.
