To adapt computer human-computer interfaces (HCIs) to human thinking and behavior, HCI design should consider user cognitive characteristics and employ a compromise approach to functionality. This reduces the user's memory load, learning time, and simplifies operation. I. Introduction After the Industrial Revolution, two previously nonexistent value concepts emerged: efficiency and profit. These concepts profoundly permeated the fundamental design principles of machines. In the relentless pursuit of machine efficiency, functionality became the core consideration in the design process. Designers first determined the machine's functions and then added operational components based on remaining options. This inevitably limited the operational components to the machine's functions, forcing operators to conform to its behavior, speed, precision, and intensity. Humans became mere appendages, performing input and feedback control functions that the machine could not achieve. This design failed to consider adapting the machine to human physiological characteristics. The value of this design lies in the "machine-centric" HCI design philosophy. After the 1950s, driven by the need for numerical computation, people began researching and designing computers. The initial design of computers largely followed the "machine-centric" design philosophy, but with a key difference: it was based on contemporary research into the human brain. In 1854, Boole published "An Inquiry into the Laws of Thought," establishing Boolean algebra. He argued that human thought operates on logical reasoning and that algebraic calculations could simulate the deductive processes of human thought. In 1943, Americans W.S. McCulloch and W. HPitts, in "A Logical Computation of Thought Inherent in Neural Activity," argued that, in principle, the logical processes of neurons in the human brain could be described using computation. In 1956, they published "The Concretization of the Brain," using numerical concepts to analyze the functions of the cerebral cortex and the communication between related neurons. These theories had a profound impact on the emergence and development of computers. After the computer was created as a machine, people had to adapt to its specific requirements to use it. However, the complex and constantly evolving structure of computers meant that users had to spend considerable time learning how to operate them, the main purpose of which was to translate human behavior into a machine-readable format. II. Human-Centered Design Philosophy of Human-Computer Interface (HCI) Design Philosophy Computers behave according to machine characteristics, while humans think and act according to their own ways. The goal is to transform human thought and behavior into a form acceptable to machines, and vice versa; this transformation is the human-computer interface. The design philosophy of "human-centered" HCI—making the computer adapt to human thinking and action characteristics on the HCI interface—is essential. Since the 1980s, based on the perceptual characteristics of human computer operation, research has focused on what kind of HCI can reduce user memory burden, reduce learning time, and simplify operation methods. This led to the emergence of directly manipulated graphical objects, mice, and windows. (II) Required Knowledge HCI design requires two types of knowledge: computer technology knowledge and user psychology knowledge. For HCI design, computer technology knowledge is the background knowledge, while user psychology is the front-end knowledge. User psychology mainly includes cognitive psychology and behavioral psychology. Through research in cognitive psychology on the characteristics of human mental labor, such as memory, comprehension, and language communication, the designed computer HCI can minimize the cognitive burden on humans. By studying human behavior through behavioral psychology, we can view humans, machines, and the environment as a behavioral system. Computer operations are designed based on human behavioral characteristics, ensuring that computer operations conform to human psychological characteristics. However, current computer technology and human-computer interaction design capabilities are insufficient to meet the needs of this type of human-computer interface design, and it is still impossible to truly adapt computer behavior to human behavior patterns. Therefore, when considering human-computer interface design, a compromise approach is often adopted, that is, to consider both functional design and user interface design from the very beginning of the design process. III. Practical Applications (I) Application of Graphics and Text in Human-Computer Interaction Interfaces There are two most common methods for expressing information: text and images. From a cognitive perspective, text has a linear structure. People generally read text word by word in sequence. Images simultaneously present a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure. From the perspective of human cognitive motivation, information can be divided into two categories: thematic information and contextual information. Thematic information expresses the core purpose information, which is the focus of motivation. Contextual information describes the environmental state and conditions, helping to understand the time, space, and sequence of events. Generally, text is easier to express abstract thematic information, such as legal provisions, ideas, and viewpoints. Graphics are easier to intuitively express the thematic information of a thing and the entire scene related to the theme at the same time. From the perspective of human cognition, the human brain often only remembers the meaning of a text or graphic it understands, and does not remember the details of the text or picture. This means that when designing a human-computer interface, we must consider: when to use text and when to use graphics. Generally, using graphics to represent physical objects can reduce the user's memory load, which is one of the underlying reasons for the creation of graphical user interfaces and icons. However, when representing logical reasoning, the information expressed by text is more accurate and better suited to human cognitive characteristics than graphics. (II) The icon design process Using an eye tracker to observe people drawing on a screen, we can find that the human visual trajectory mainly follows the main lines on the screen. What is later recalled by the human brain is mainly the main meaning of the picture that he or she understands, that is, the main lines that express the meaning, rather than the details of the picture. This means that the designed icon does not need to be a complex picture. Therefore, in computer icon design, designers need to think, investigate, and design based on many physiological characteristics of users. The process generally includes the following steps: First, consider what kind of icon represents what object. Generally speaking, icons are more suitable for representing concrete things, but different people may have different understandings of the same icon's meaning. Second, icon design must also consider ease of operation for users. This requires designers to consider the icon's size and layout on the screen. Third, the meaning of the designed icon needs to be well integrated with its name to avoid ambiguity. Finally, the designed icon needs to blend well with the surrounding background, requiring designers to consider its shape and color. This helps people to correctly and quickly identify the icon. Following these thought processes and steps, designers create several icons and then conduct surveys with different types of users. The surveys investigate whether users have any misunderstandings about the icon's meaning, what kind of icon appearance is easy for users to recognize and understand, and what kind of icon is convenient to operate and has a profound impact. Finally, based on user feedback, designers further modify the designed icons. Although these processes seem complex, they are always people-oriented. The reason is simple: the designed icons are ultimately for users to use. (III) The Design Philosophy of Hypertext Links In 1945, Vannevar Bush, an American, proposed in "In Harmony with Our Thinking," based on the physiological perspective of the human brain, that human memory connects various related concepts, organizing them like a semantic web. He believed that the structure of written text should resemble human cognitive thinking. However, written text is merely a linear expression, only able to express ideas in the order they are written, which does not conform to human thinking and the brain's structure for storing knowledge. When reading, the brain is still thinking; it may associate with other related people and events, or it may conjure images and sounds in the mind, or even jump back to a long time ago. The design philosophy of hypertext links is based on imitating the characteristics of the brain's knowledge storage and conceptual connection structure. Now, hypertext links on the WWW can connect not only text but also images, sounds, animations, and other media. Because it adapts well to human thinking, it has led to the rapid increase in access to Web resources on the Internet. IV. Conclusion Different users have different needs for different human-computer interfaces. This article discusses the human-centered design philosophy and methods of human-computer interfaces and provides several design examples. To achieve a human-centered human-computer interface, it is necessary to conduct thorough research on the thinking and behavioral characteristics of specific user groups before designing the human-computer interface, establish a user model, and consider designing the human-computer interface before designing the software's functions.