The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) system refers to a system that utilizes advanced intelligent technologies, sensing technologies, network technologies, computing technologies, and control technologies to enable the system to comprehensively perceive roads and traffic. All vehicles can collect information based on their own environment and status, and upload various types of information to an internet big data platform. The central processor summarizes, analyzes, and processes the large amount of uploaded information, and the system will control every vehicle involved in traffic throughout the entire process and manage every road in real time, providing users with traffic efficiency and safety.
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Architecture: Based on the functional division of the V2X system, the V2X architecture is divided into: perception and control layer, network and transmission layer, and integrated application layer;
Perception and Control Layer: Its functions include comprehensive perception of the vehicle itself and road traffic information. Through vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-network, vehicle-to-infrastructure, and vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, as well as information perception technologies such as onboard sensors and vehicle positioning, it collects information such as vehicle status, road environment, and vehicle location in real time, providing comprehensive information perception services for vehicle networking applications.
Network and Transport Layer: By designing dedicated network architectures and protocol models required for heterogeneous network collaborative communication, data from the perception layer is preprocessed; through the comprehensive application of technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and virtualization, existing communication network resources such as dedicated short-range communication and cellular mobile communication are fully utilized to provide transparent information transmission services and application support for the integrated application layer;
The comprehensive application layer: Based on the existing network architecture and protocols, various services provide compatibility with future network expansion capabilities, offering vehicle-to-everything (V2X) users various information services such as vehicle information collection, storage, processing, sharing, and dissemination. Specific applications include, but are not limited to, V2X service cloud platforms, traffic information management platforms, autonomous driving service cloud platforms, and map cloud platforms.
The most important vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology standards are Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and Cellular-V2X (C-V2X), both of which support vehicles connecting to everything, including infrastructure, other vehicles, and people.
C-V2X is based on LTE cellular networks and has a wider communication range. One base station can support the communication needs of hundreds of vehicles and can meet the needs of a larger system capacity. DSRC can realize two-way communication, real-time image, voice and data transmission for high-speed moving targets.
For each vehicle to connect to the vehicle network system as an independent entity, the vehicle's central control system, gateway system, and electronic control system are the important hardware foundations of the vehicle network. The central control system, gateway system, and electronic control system mainly consist of the following:
• Central control system: air conditioning control system, in-vehicle entertainment and information system, in-vehicle navigation and positioning system;
• Gateway system: T-Box (mainly includes GPS/AGPS, SIM, and some low-power GPS devices with built-in power);
• Electronic control systems: digital instrument cluster, body control module (BCM), battery management system (BMS), engine control unit (ECU), engine management system (EMS)...
The main functions of the vehicle networking platform include vehicle information management, vehicle monitoring, vehicle control, and vehicle data statistical analysis.
• Information management: vehicle model, T-Box, battery, sensors, SIM card, etc.;
• Vehicle monitoring: location, faults, CAN data, etc.;
Vehicle control: control of vehicle locks, doors, lights, windows, etc.;
• Data statistics: vehicle speed, battery level, mileage, malfunctions, etc.
The user app can directly interact with the vehicle network platform, or transfer data to the vehicle network platform through a third-party business platform. The main function of the user app is vehicle control, controlling the vehicle body system such as car locks, doors, lights, and windows.
