Abstract: The application of online analyzers in continuous gas detection and analysis in process and environmental applications has become the dominant technology in online analytical engineering. A key aspect is the accurate processing and delivery of sample gas to the online analyzer using a sample gas processing system. A significant challenge is ensuring that the quality of the sample gas supplied to the analyzer is close to that of the standard gas used to calibrate it. This stringent requirement has stumped countless technical experts. This leads to a highly insightful and inspiring conclusion: sample gas processing system technology is the core and key technology of online analytical engineering. This article provides an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the technical insights of senior experts regarding this challenging problem. Keywords : Sample gas processing system, online analysis engineering technology, online analyzer, online analysis system, sample gas processing components 1. A Perspective on Cutting-Edge Technologies in the 21st Century Process gas analyzer engineering application systems (hereinafter referred to as online analysis systems, formerly known as complete process analysis systems) are widely used in industries such as petroleum, chemical, building materials, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, food, energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, and resource development. They have made significant contributions to achieving process optimization control, advanced process control, safety monitoring, energy conservation and emission reduction, improving production efficiency and capacity, quality control, and promoting technological transformation. Their importance and the supply methods of online analysis systems (including analysis cabins) have been widely accepted and highly affirmed by the engineering community. Last year, the total investment in analytical equipment for large-scale engineering projects exceeded the total investment in thermal equipment for the first time, which is a very convincing proof. In November 2007, the Analyzer Society held the "21st Century Cutting-Edge Technologies—International Forum on the Application and Development of Online Analyzers" in Beijing. This clearly demonstrates that online analysis systems are cutting-edge technologies of the 21st century, and sample gas processing system technology, as the core and key technology of online analysis systems, certainly deserves to be defined as a "cutting-edge technology of the 21st century." From the perspective of cutting-edge 21st-century technology, it is essential to conduct in-depth innovative design of sample gas processing components, carry out theoretically and practically grounded technological innovation of sample gas processing systems, and conduct comprehensive technical exploration, research, and promotion of sample gas processing system technology (design technology + engineering application technology). This is the visionary industrial direction and dedicated scientific and technological work of Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. 2. A New Definition of Sample Gas Processing System Technology Sample gas processing system technology is indeed somewhat unfamiliar; let's break it down into sample gas processing system and sample gas processing technology—one is hardware, and the other is software. Sample Gas Processing System: Sampe Handing Systems; Sample Gas Processing Technology: Sampe Handing Engineering. New Definition of Sample Gas Processing System: A sample gas processing system is a comprehensive system of components designed specifically for the on-site application conditions and sample gas conditions of online analyzers. This system achieves a reasonable match and perfect combination between the sample gas processing components and the online analyzer, meeting the stringent requirements of online analyzers. New Definition of Sample Gas Processing Technology: Sample gas processing technology is a comprehensive technology combining specialized design technology and specialized engineering application and maintenance technology. In the past, sample gas processing systems were commonly referred to as "sampling pretreatment devices," a simplistic use of the word "pre" that relegated its technical status in online analysis systems to a subordinate, low-level position. This inappropriate technological discrimination severely hindered its healthy development. The national standard GB/T 19768-2005, "Performance Representation of Sample Gas Processing System for Online Analyzers," is the only way to truly legitimize it, as it can reasonably be extended to mean "sample gas processing system." However, the industry seems to deliberately ignore this, continuing to refer to it as a "sampling pretreatment device" and calling the sample gas processing component a "functional component." The independence, systematic nature, and rigor of the sample gas processing system in online analytical engineering cannot be overstated. Now is the time for it to shoulder the responsibility of strongly promoting the development of online analytical engineering technology, and it will certainly experience rapid and healthy development. 3. Introduction to the Systemic Nature of Sample Gas Processing Components 3.1 Sampling Probe (i.e., the sampling probe) The sampling probe is the most important and critical sample gas processing component in the sample gas processing system. It enables the sampling of process industrial gases, and completes the separation of the sample gas flow without altering the typical chemical composition characteristics of the process industrial gases, i.e., maintaining the authenticity of the sample gas. 3.1.1 Sampling probes can be as simple as a thin stainless steel tube or as a complex and expensive large-scale complete set of equipment, such as the "dry high-temperature sampling probe," which is recognized and has become the mainstream technology in engineering. The design or selection of a sampling probe is entirely based on the application purpose. Without exception, the sampling tube of any sampling probe should extend into the process pipeline or process vessel, with the insertion depth required by specifications to be 30-70% of the process pipeline diameter. The shape of the probe tube inlet and the angle of its inclined installation should facilitate the initial physical separation (i.e., inert separation) of pollutants (such as dust) in the sample gas. The purpose is to maintain the authenticity of the sample gas and reduce the difficulty of subsequent sample gas processing. 3.1.2 Sampling probes used for negative pressure sampling in industrial furnaces and kilns mostly adopt an "external" filter design, which can effectively filter dust. This technical field best reflects the level of professional skills and the authenticity of expertise: ● High-precision dust filtration: Currently, the international advanced level is ≥0.3um 99%. Some professional companies are still at an early, conservative level of 2-3um. ● Filter Backflushing Technology: Even the best filters are prone to clogging when used for high dust concentration sampling, necessitating the use of backflushing technology. High-temperature probes meticulously designed with fluid engineering principles can operate for extended periods without clogging even at dust levels of 2000 g/m³. The technical solution used by some professional companies, where the backflushing gas path and sample gas delivery pipeline share a single section of piping, is completely incorrect. ● Heated Backflushing of Filters: The view that the purpose of electrically heating the filter is to prevent condensation and clogging is incorrect, or at least incomplete. The primary issue is that the Joule-Thompson thermal attenuation effect causes the backflushing gas to cool down when the 0.6 MPa backflushing pressure is released at the backflushing port. To overcome this new challenge, heated backflushing is the only technical option. Maintaining a constant temperature of approximately 180°C during backflushing completely solves this technical problem without rebound. ● Sampling Probe Maintenance: PLC-controlled pulse internal and external backflushing is a mature technology, enabling sampling probes to operate almost maintenance-free for extended periods. 3.1.3 Almost all manufacturers of online analysis systems using sampling probes employ their own designed probes. Regrettably, some self-proclaimed professional manufacturers or integrators have not truly grasped the underlying principles of dry sampling probe technology. Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. will launch several technologically mature sampling probes, including proprietary technology probes. 3.2 Sample Gas Delivery Pipeline 3.2.1 The sample gas delivery pipeline consists of piping and tubing: ● Piping is classified by its inner diameter and connected to form a piping system via threaded or flanged joints. The classification refers to both pressure resistance and inner diameter. Piping systems commonly use threads. For example, a 4-point water pipe refers to a pipe with an inner diameter of 4/8" (1/2"): the inner diameter is approximately Ø12.7, but the outer diameter is Ø21, because the major diameter of a G1/2" pipe thread is 20.955. Threads that can be sealed are tapered external threads (R) and tapered internal threads (Rc), also specified in inches. Tapered pipe threads (NPT) and pipe threads (G) require the use of sealant to ensure a tight seal. Piping systems should have sufficient space for installation and maintenance. ● Tubes are classified according to their outer diameter, generally over 6 meters long, with common tube sizes ranging from Ø1.5 to Ø12. ● The most common form for sample gas delivery: tubes most commonly use Ø6×1 stainless steel pipes, and the connection to the piping system is most commonly achieved using double-compression fitting nut assemblies, which maintain excellent sealing performance even after repeated disassembly and assembly. ● The materials for piping and tubes should be strictly selected based on the composition and conditions of the sample gas. 3.2.2 To prevent condensation during sample gas transport and ensure its authenticity, heat tracing is often used in sample gas delivery pipelines. Steam tracing is commonly used in the chemical industry, while electric tracing is more suitable for other industries, typically requiring a temperature of around 120°C. Many applications utilize high-temperature, narrow-type self-regulating electric heat tracing tape, which can maintain the sample gas at 135±5°C. More stringent applications require integrated electric heat tracing pipes, but this is prohibitively expensive and difficult to adopt widely. 3.2.3 The Constraint of Sample Gas Output Pipeline on the Analytical System's Response Speed: Sample gas transmission pipelines should not exceed 20m, but this is not feasible in some engineering sites. Based on industry consensus, the total lag time T10 of the analytical system should be ≤60s. A common misconception must be corrected here: the belief that thicker tubes and higher pressures result in faster reaction times. Under the premise of a constant sample gas flow rate, achieving a reaction time ≤60s using a Ø10×1 straight tube is fundamentally impossible, as its lag time T10 is four times slower than that of a Ø6×1 straight tube. Transporting sample gas at 0.4MPa pressure is also approximately four times slower than transporting it at 0.1MPa pressure. When transporting high-purity trace amounts of sample gas, and the quality grade of the straight tube is low, excessively long lag times can lead to process detection and analysis failures. In such cases, solvent cleaning of the tubes and heating measures should be implemented. A classic example from an American company is that the lag time was reduced from 17 minutes to 30 seconds (a 34-fold increase in reaction rate). 3.3 Special Filters 3.3.1 Special filters refer to various filters other than probe filters, used to remove particulate matter and liquid mist from sample gases. Particulate matter comes from dust in the sample gas, process catalysts, or contaminants from pipe and piping construction. Online analyzers require a minimum of ≥2µm dust concentration of ≤200ug/m³, with lower values ​​being better. 3.3.2 Filter Media (i.e., Filter Elements) In terms of material, there are SiC porous ceramics, stainless steel powder metallurgy, and various fiber filter membranes. Filter elements are evaluated for their throughput and filtration accuracy based on their nominal diameter (µm). Stainless steel has a filtration accuracy of ≥0.5µm, porous ceramics ≥0.3µm, and fiber filter membranes ≥0.1µm, or even <0.1µm. The industry generally recognizes a nominal diameter of 0.2µm as the standard for "microfiltration," while <0.1µm falls under the definition of "ultrafiltration" or nanofiltration. 3.3.3 General Classification of Filters ● For online analyzer protection, a microfilter with a precision better than 0.5 is meaningful. It should be placed directly inside the chassis or mounted on the rear wall of the chassis. ● Pre-filters for sample gas processing systems, such as cyclone self-cleaning filters and cyclone condensation filters, are relatively effective at separating 90% of larger particles (3-5 μm and above) of dust and droplets using cyclone centrifugal inertial separation, and are more suitable for positive pressure sample gas processing systems with bypass diversion. ● High-precision filters at the post-stage of the sample gas processing system can now achieve a filtration accuracy of ≥0.05 μm 99%. Coarse filters of tens of micrometers are also available, commonly used for liquid sample filtration. 3.4 Sample Gas Condenser 3.4.1 Sample gas condensers are widely used and almost essential in all sample gas processing systems. Their purpose is to separate the gas and liquid phases, protect the analyzer from damage by liquid substances, and ensure the accuracy of the analyzer's analysis. This cooling can only be performed after particulate contaminants in the sample gas have been effectively separated; otherwise, there is a risk of clogging filters and other components. 3.4.2 Commonly Used Sample Gas Condensers ● Compressor-type electronic condensers: The powerful cooling capacity of the compressor allows the inlet sample gas temperature to be <140℃, while the outlet sample gas temperature is 2±0.5℃. High price is the biggest constraint, and the size is also large. ● Semiconductor-cooled electronic condensers: The inlet sample gas temperature for a single channel can only reach <40℃. Due to their lower price and smaller size, they are also widely used. ● Eddy current cooling (Ranke tube) condensers: For inlet sample gas temperatures <45℃, using 0.3MPa compressed air, the sample gas temperature can be reduced by more than 20℃. Because they are intrinsically safe, online analysis systems in the chemical industry with explosion-proof requirements prefer to use this type of condenser. ● Water heat exchangers: Strictly speaking, water heat exchangers are only sample gas water coolers, not condensers. High-efficiency water-cooled separators, with their high efficiency and small size, should have a place in sample gas processing systems. 3.4.3 A new approach to sample gas condensation involves separating the liquid phase and liquid mist. While condensers are a traditional and classic method in sample gas processing systems, their high cost, large size, maintenance requirements, and energy consumption are no longer a major concern for many (including technical experts). ★ A high-efficiency self-cleaning integrated filter utilizes a nano-polymer membrane to develop a (liquid mist + dust) integrated filter with comprehensive technological advantages, including low manufacturing cost, small size, no energy consumption, intrinsic safety, and easy use and maintenance. It achieves a filtration accuracy of ≥0.05µm dust and micro-droplets, reaching 99%, potentially meeting the stringent requirements of high-end sample gas processing systems. This is a utility model patent technology developed by Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. 3.5 Sampling Pump (i.e., vacuum pump) 3.5.1 The vacuum pump is one of the key components in the sample gas processing system. Its function is to pressurize sample gas with a slight positive or negative pressure (<0.01MPa) and then deliver it to the online analyzer. Based on this, the use of a vacuum pump, even at a pressure of +0.01MPa, falls under the category of a furnace negative pressure sample gas processing system. 3.5.2 In the design of the sample gas processing system, the use of vacuum pumps should be avoided as much as possible because they are expensive, generate vibration and noise, require maintenance, and limit the improvement of system reliability. The solution is to utilize the existing pressure or pressure differential in the process pipelines as much as possible. 3.5.3 Types of Vacuum Pumps ● There are countless types and specifications of vacuum pumps, with diaphragm pumps being the most commonly used, although vacuum pumps are also used. It should be particularly noted that if the sample gas flow rate is fixed at 60L/h, then the selected vacuum pump's pumping capacity should ideally be between 250 and 500L/h (no load). Pumps with excessively high pumping capacities are more prone to damage and failure under light load. ★ Jet pumps: Sometimes water, steam, or compressed air jet pumps are used, with the significant advantage of intrinsic safety. Among these, the air jet pump used after the analyzer, i.e., the pneumatic sampling pump, deserves in-depth practical research. ● Peristaltic pumps are used to discharge condensate (<0.3L/h) and are not limited by whether the sample gas pressure is negative. 3.6 Gas-Liquid Separator 3.6.1 The purpose of gas-liquid separation is to separate and divert the gas, ensuring that the sample gas delivered to the online analyzer is dry, with a dew point of 2–3℃ being optimal. 3.6.2 Types of Gas-Liquid Separators ● Gas-liquid separation occurs after the sample gas is condensed by the sample gas condenser. This type of gas-liquid analyzer has a relatively simple cylindrical structure, with the sample gas inlet and outlet at the top and the condensate outlet at the bottom. The sample gas inlet is connected to a pipe with a 45° bevel at the bottom. ● Low-speed passage of the sample gas through the gas-liquid separator is key to improving separation efficiency; therefore, the pipe diameter inside the separator needs to be larger than the diameter of the straight pipe outside the separator. ● The aforementioned cyclone self-cleaning filter can also be understood as a gas-liquid separator. Its centrifugal separation force for dust and droplets is approximately 2500 times greater than gravity. In other words, the centrifugal separation force for 5µm dust is almost equivalent to the gravitational separation force for a 90µm diameter particle. The separation effect in practical applications depends on the cyclone velocity and the cyclone chamber radius. ● Condensation separation filters are another type of gas-liquid separator, with very successful classic applications in the petrochemical industry. 3.7 Flow Measurement and Control 3.7.1 Flow measurement typically uses a direct-reading spherical rotor flow meter. Online analyzers usually require a sample gas flow rate fixed at 60L/h. 3.7.2 Flow regulation typically uses needle valves, and flow meters with needle valves are more convenient and reasonable. 3.7.3 Alarm flow meters can detect abnormal sample gas flow rates and are the most important alarm measure. 3.7.4 Flow control uses various types and specifications of valves, involving four main categories: isolation valves, regulating valves, safety valves, and directional valves. Ball valves are commonly used for isolation valves, and needle valves are commonly used for flow control valves. Two-position three-way or two-position five-way switching valves are only used for switching sample gas flow directions. The quality of all valve components prioritizes reliable sealing; for example, the five-way switching valve from Swagelok in the United States boasts a lifespan of 100,000 leak-free cycles. 3.8 Pressure Measurement and Regulation 3.8.1 While pressure gauges seem simple for technical aspects requiring pressure display, pressure regulation is technically crucial, making the selection of pressure regulators (valves) paramount. The key technical characteristics are transmission accuracy, shut-off capability, and response speed. 3.8.2 The most commonly used type in sample gas processing systems is the diaphragm-type pressure reducing regulator (valve), also known as a pressure regulator (valve) for standard gas cylinders. 3.8.3 If the pressure when sampling from the process pipeline is too high, even if it is medium or low pressure, pressure reduction should be implemented immediately after the process isolation shut-off valve (commonly known as the root valve) at the sampling point to avoid potential dangers to the high-pressure sample gas during transmission or to subsequent sample gas processing. This also prevents large volumes of high-pressure gas from excessively prolonging the transmission lag time. 3.8.4 The application technology of pressure reducing regulating valves involves very complex technical aspects and deserves careful attention: such as overpressure protection safety measures, dangers caused by leakage, and application limitations caused by materials; smaller throttling orifice diameters should be selected, and attention should be paid to the sample gas temperature drop after pressure reduction (it is said that for every 0.1 MPa decrease in differential pressure, the temperature will decrease by 1°C). Therefore, heat tracing and insulation to prevent condensation and blockage is necessary. 3.9 Selection of Sample Gas Processing Component Materials 3.9.1 The selection of component materials may seem simple on the surface, but it is actually incredibly complex. Often, due to limited experience, poor domestic technical foundation, and narrow information channels, it is difficult to achieve the desired results. 3.9.2 Taking stainless steel pipes as an example: Type 304 has a maximum operating temperature of 538℃ and poor corrosion resistance. Type 316 stainless steel has a maximum operating temperature of 649℃ and good corrosion resistance. Type 316L stainless steel has even better corrosion resistance than 316. Various processes for polishing the inner wall of stainless steel pipes result in different surface roughnesses, which can reduce the adsorption of water molecules, making it essential for high-purity gas analysis. 3.9.3 Comparison of Three Sealing Materials Short-Term Operating Temperature (Handbook) Strength Sealing Performance Nitrile Rubber -15～120℃ Second Best Silicone Rubber -25～250℃ Poorest Fluororubber -35～300℃ Best Best For higher continuous operating temperatures, fluororubber with a surface coating of tetrafluoroethylene should be used. 3.10 Electrical Equipment Housing 3.10.1 Definition: The simplest type is the instrument cabinet or instrument box, most commonly a cabinet with a control panel, one or two front-opening doors, typically ≥2m high, and equipped with ventilation, heating, and air conditioning systems. This type of cabinet is commonly called an instrument panel; with the control panel installed, it's called a control cabinet; and with the analyzer installed, it's called an analysis cabinet. Another type of cabinet is used in large online analytical systems in instrument analysis rooms accessible to instrument technicians, commonly called analysis cabins. 3.10.2 Cabinet Protection Rating (IP**) The first digit refers to dust, and the second digit refers to water. No protection is required, equivalent to IP00. For example, IP56 is a very high rating: completely prevents dust ingress and low-pressure water jets from any direction. IP24 is more general: protects against impacts from 12mm diameter solid materials and water splashes from any direction. 3.10.3 Cabinet Explosion-Proof Rating The most common explosion-proof rating for online analytical systems is: Class II Electrical Equipment for Industrial Use (US Standard Class). A, B, and C levels (US standard Grop): A is represented by methane, B by ethylene, and C by H2. The highest surface temperature is group 6: T4 is 135℃, and T6 is 80℃. Zone 2 is typically used for zoning of hazardous explosion areas. For example, the explosion-proof rating of a certain flameproof analyzer is dⅡCT6. A fully equipped explosion-proof analytical cabin is called an explosion-proof analytical cabin. Although very expensive, it is widely used in petrochemical and chemical engineering sites with strict explosion-proof requirements due to the lack of alternatives. 3.10.4 Cabinet Climate Conditions This includes cabinet ventilation and safe air exchange, heating in winter, and air conditioning in summer, all of which are quite costly to invest in and maintain. 3.11 Standard Substances 3.11.1 The standard substances used in online analyzers are standard gases produced by specialized manufacturers. For industrial users, they are usually supplied in 8L aluminum alloy cylinders with pressure reducing valves. In industrial production, online analyzers that undertake continuous detection and measurement tasks rely heavily on standard gases as measurement standards. The level and quality of standard gases are constantly improving; for example, zero-point gas contains 99.999% ultra-pure N2. 3.11.2 To eliminate interference errors from background components in the sample gas, a three-component standard gas can be prepared to largely eliminate them. However, due to a lack of proper scientific understanding of background gas interference and its harmful effects, this simple and effective method is often overlooked. 3.12 Fast Loop 3.12.1 Response speed is one of the few technical indicators of a sample gas processing system. Inexperienced manufacturers lack the expertise and responsibility to properly address this technical issue. Even professional American manufacturers have made design errors with response times as long as 13 minutes. Domestic systems with lag times of 3-5 minutes are likely not isolated cases, as they rarely pay attention to or understand the influencing factors, and have not calculated or tested them. 3.12.2 Measures to improve response speed: ● Shorten the installation distance between the analyzer cabinet and the sampling point, preferably ≤15m; ● The sample gas is then transported via a sample gas transmission pipeline after pressure reduction at the sampling point; the pressure should be ≤0.12MPa. ● Sampling gas is transported using stainless steel pipes with a small diameter of Ø6×1. ● A fast bypass design with 1-2 paths is used, with the bypass flow rate being 3-5 times the split flow rate. ● For micro-analysis, internally polished stainless steel pipes should be used, or the original stainless steel pipes should be cleaned with solvent. ● All sample gas handling components should use smaller dead volume components. With all these measures, reducing the total lag time from ≤60s to ≤30s may not be difficult. 3.13 Safety Emissions: The exhaust gas after analysis and detection by the analyzer can be directly discharged using stainless steel pipes ≥Ø12×1. If explosion-proof requirements are present, or if there are multiple analyzers and a fast bypass, a manifold-type safety vent with a flame arrester should be used. Condensate discharge should also be done using a manifold-type (automatic) safety vent. 3.14 Automatic Control Unit: The PLC automatic control unit performs various automatic control functions such as backflushing, gas path switching, and various alarms. 3.15 Data processing and remote transmission unit GPRS communication components (optional) 3.16 On-site installation and construction design, such as the installation and construction of cement kiln tail online analysis system and dry high-temperature sampling probe system, are inherently an integral part of high-temperature probes. The design drawing of the high-temperature probe includes the installation and construction drawing of the high-temperature probe. 3.17 On -site commissioning technology of online analysis system This can be described by a common saying: "Those who know it find it easy, those who don't find it difficult." 4 Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. is at the forefront of sample gas processing system technology 4.1 Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. is a technology-innovative private joint-stock enterprise, committed to developing online analysis engineering technology and sample gas processing system technology, and promoting the engineering application of online analysis systems. It has launched the "China Online Analysis System Network" e-commerce platform. 4.2 Technological advantages and innovation capabilities of Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. ● Technical Director Mr. Jin Yizhong is a senior expert in the analyzer industry with a strong sense of innovation. He has undertaken and completed four national-level scientific and technological research projects and has 36 years of engineering experience in sample gas processing technology. He has twice visited H&B in Germany for technical inspections, gaining in-depth understanding of advanced foreign technologies and unique insights into engineering applications. ● The R&D team applied for an invention patent and a utility model patent in 2008 and quickly transitioned to production and development. ● Developed the LKS 1500 series online analysis system. ● Lingka Company regards "innovation and continuous innovation" as its core competitiveness. 4.3 Industrial Advantages of Chongqing Lingka Analyzer Co., Ltd. ● Serialized probes are its primary focus, with the LKP 103 general-purpose medium-temperature sampling probe and the LKP 104 detachable chemical sampling probe being representative examples. ● Serialized filters are its second primary focus, with the most distinctive being the high-efficiency self-cleaning integrated filter (utility model patent technology). The high-precision filter for the probe has a filtration accuracy of ≥0.3um 99%, which is an advanced level in the industry. The filtration accuracy of the post-stage high-precision filter is ≥0.3um 99.9999% ≥0.05um 99%, which is also at an advanced level in the industry. ● The integration and innovation of the post-sample gas treatment system is exemplified by the "intrinsically safe sample gas treatment system." ● The LKS 1500 series online analysis system integrates multiple innovative technological elements and introduces the new engineering design concept of "15-year life cycle." 5 Reflections on Sample Gas Treatment System Technology This "new theory" is essentially a very simple overview. Although the article is long, it is far from complete or thorough. Upon reflection, many thoughts remain: ● Sample gas treatment system technology is a 21st-century cutting-edge technology with no defined boundaries; it is boundless. ● Sample gas treatment system technology is a 21st-century cutting-edge technology with unfathomable depths; it is unfathomable. ● Sample gas treatment system technology is a 21st-century cutting-edge technology with unlimited potential; it is both traditional and young, with boundless vitality. Sample gas treatment system technology is a practical technology aimed at engineering applications, with practical engineering as its core. ● Developing sample gas treatment system technology is a difficult and thankless task, and a rigorous test of true talent and ability. It is for the sake of humanity's dream of clean air, clean land, clean water, and even clean food that Lingka has such a sense of responsibility and innovative drive, disregarding the boundless and unfathomable scope of sample gas treatment system technology, and venturing into this cutting-edge technological exploration.