Currently, the graphite anodes used in commercial lithium-ion batteries have relatively low actual capacity at low temperatures. Hard carbon has good low-temperature lithium storage capacity and can effectively improve the low-temperature performance of batteries. However, during battery formation, the solid electrode/electrolyte interface film formed at the hard carbon anode interface irreversibly consumes Li+, thereby reducing the actual capacity and specific energy of the battery.
By introducing halogen conversion intercalation chemistry into graphite and innovatively developing a composite electrode, this cathode is combined with a passivated graphite anode to create a lithium-ion aqueous full battery capable of reaching 4V, with an energy density of 460Wh/kg and a coulombic efficiency of approximately 100%. Based on a negative ion conversion-intercalation mechanism, combined with a high-energy-density conversion reaction, the battery exhibits excellent reversibility of intercalation, improving the safety of the aqueous battery.
The solvent mixture in lithium-ion battery electrolytes includes a dissolved lithium salt and organic additives. It can enhance the surface and overall stability of the silicon anode, improving long-term cycle life and lifespan. This novel chemical composition is simple in structure, scalable, and fully compatible with existing battery technologies.
Cyclohexanehexanone, an organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, boasts an ultra-high capacity, with a discharge specific capacity reaching 902 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, due to its low solubility in highly polar ionic liquids, cyclohexanehexanone exhibits good cycle performance in ionic liquid-based electrolytes, resulting in batteries with high capacity and long cycle life.
The liquid electrolyte inside lithium-ion batteries is highly flammable, posing a risk of short circuits and fires. However, boron nitride nanofilms of 5 to 10 nanometers can be used as a protective layer to isolate the electrical contact between metallic lithium and the electrolyte. Boron nitride nanofilms are also chemically and mechanically stable to lithium and have a high level of electronic insulation, so they can significantly improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries.
With the development and maturation of science and technology, lithium-ion batteries are being used more and more widely. Lithium-ion batteries have advantages such as high single-cell voltage, relatively light weight, and environmental friendliness; however, after multiple charge-discharge cycles, performance characteristics such as battery capacity will decline. Under the same conditions, the faster the battery capacity decays, the relatively worse the battery quality. Improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries is an important indicator for measuring their quality.
