1 Introduction With the increasing maturity of wireless network technology and its support for small and micro mobile devices, sensor networks have gradually become a research hotspot. Wireless mobile sensor networks have a significant impact on various key application areas, such as communications, military, medical, disaster relief, and monitoring. This paper focuses on the design of an adaptive architecture for wireless mobile sensor networks. Designing an adaptive architecture for wireless sensor networks is difficult, partly due to the high dynamism and mobility of wireless sensors, and partly due to limitations in computing power, communication capabilities, and energy consumption. Therefore, the protocols and architectures developed for wireless mobile sensor networks must have self-configuration and self-adaptation capabilities, and also possess high scalability and reliability as the network scales and the number of sensor network members increases. Currently, network coverage and core nodes are commonly used to locate members in the communication network, but these methods are unsuitable for wireless mobile sensor networks due to the high cost of coverage and core node maintenance. Therefore, a region-based architecture is designed to increase network coverage, and a core routing node and multi-layer structure are used to increase the scalability of the wireless mobile network while reducing dependence on core routing nodes, thus greatly improving network reliability. 2 Design Requirements With the widespread application of mobile sensors, the number of networked wireless mobile sensors will increase significantly. Therefore, wireless mobile sensor networks must possess considerable scalability. However, the single-layer planar architecture commonly used in wired networks cannot achieve the dynamic extension of wireless mobile networks, cannot adapt to network movement and topology changes, and cannot meet the limitations of network resources (such as bandwidth and energy) required for dynamic network extension. Furthermore, it is prone to recovery delays and increased routing oscillations. Therefore, this single-layer planar architecture is unsuitable for wireless mobile sensor networks. Therefore, a multi-layer architecture needs to be designed for wireless mobile sensor networks. This not only meets the network's scalability requirements but also adapts to the movement of nodes and topology changes within the network. Wireless mobile sensor networks operate in a highly dynamic environment where mobility and communication failures occur frequently. Therefore, it is essential not only to adapt to the dynamic characteristics of the network and achieve correct network information transmission functions but also to maintain a certain level of rationality; that is, reliability is a crucial factor. To this end, an absolute mobility model and a relative stability model are combined in the hierarchical network architecture, and a distributed network resource discovery method is used to avoid the situation where a single point of failure causes the entire network to fail. Due to the limited energy and high mobility of wireless mobile sensors, reducing energy consumption and increasing network self-configuration capabilities are crucial issues. Low energy consumption and network scalability are often contradictory. Therefore, a localization mechanism for information dissemination, transmission, and querying will be used to reduce the amount of communication information required, thereby reducing energy consumption and increasing network self-configuration capabilities. 3. Structural Design Planar network structures have poor scalability and are therefore unsuitable for wireless mobile sensor networks with highly dynamic, highly mobile, and scalable characteristics. To address this, a multi-layered network architecture was designed, an improvement on the Landmark Hierarchy (LMH). This design divides network information into data and control information. The core routing node is not used to assist nodes within its area in transmitting and forwarding data information, but rather to coordinate information transmission paths between ordinary nodes. Compared to traditional string-based network structures, it has dynamic self-configuration capabilities and is independent of the managed area and routing table size. Since the information flow into and out of strings does not need to pass through the landmark core node, this increases network reliability. To avoid complex coordination during network construction, a Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is used. Each node is assigned a zone, which is a circle with radius R centered on that node. Active routing is used within this zone, allowing the node to easily obtain paths to all nodes within its zone. To find nodes outside the zone, passive routing (inter-zone routing) is used, coordinated by the core routing node within each node's zone. Generally, routing protocols in wireless mobile sensor networks can be either active or passive. Active protocols maintain routing tables, requiring periodic message exchanges to ensure up-to-date routing information. This is unsuitable for highly mobile networks. However, considering the absolute mobility and relative stability of wireless mobile sensors, active routing protocols are well-suited for communication between sensors in a group, which is the zone. Determining paths in active routing protocols has almost no latency, but the additional burden of periodically updating routing information is significant. For highly mobile networks, previously valid paths may become invalid after a certain period due to continuous node movement. In contrast, passive routing protocols maintain routes as needed, and the establishment of passive routes does not require periodic exchange of routing information. However, since paths in passive routing protocols are established by broadcasting throughout the network when needed, this results in significant routing delays. This method combines these two protocols, as shown in Figure 1. The upper layer consists of core routing nodes, and the lower layer consists of ordinary nodes. Each ordinary node has an area containing a core node. Active routing is used for communication with nodes within the area, while passive routing is used for communication with nodes outside the area. The introduction of core routing nodes and the combination of active and passive protocols stems from Watts' discovery that introducing a small number of long-distance paths can significantly reduce the average path length, thereby improving the overall network system performance. 4. Adaptability of Wireless Mobile Sensor Networks To make the designed wireless mobile sensor network architecture highly adaptable to the network's highly dynamic and mobile characteristics, as well as the constraints of low power consumption, the architecture must combine the concepts of mobility and power consumption. To achieve this, mechanisms for relative stability and power consumption measurement must be introduced. Relative stability models involve the dynamic adaptability of a node region and the number of other nodes within that region that can use active routing protocols to determine paths. Basu's work effectively combines mobility and energy consumption. This paper borrows this approach, using signal strength to measure relative stability between nodes. This method employs a free-space propagation model where RxPr and TxPr represent the signal strengths received and transmitted at the sending and receiving ends, respectively; and d is the distance between the sender and receiver. Relative stability can be determined by measuring the signal strength between two consecutive packets received from the same sender. The relative mobility metric is defined as follows: if the value of this metric is a large negative number, then the node leaves quickly. Conversely, the distance between nodes is relatively stable. Of course, these metrics are based on area-wide measurements and can therefore be used to estimate the information traffic transmitted within an area using active routing. One problem with wireless mobile sensor networks is that transmitting sensors often do not know the location of the receiver, and in such a network, sensor nodes can enter or leave an area at any time. Therefore, to improve network transmission performance, the use of active routing protocols within node regions requires a core routing node for coordination and management within that area. In this architecture, when a wireless mobile sensor enters an area, it broadcasts control information across the network. This alerts other network nodes to its entry, prompting the area's core routing node to respond by updating the area's active routing table and adding the new node. Other ordinary network nodes do not respond to these control broadcasts. These periodic control broadcasts reveal the dynamic characteristics of the network and sensor nodes, allowing for adjustments to the network structure and routing information. By using a core routing node to control other nodes joining an area, and broadcasting control information only upon node joining, the problem of periodic broadcasts is avoided, reducing network traffic and energy consumption. In this architecture, core routing nodes within an area are dynamically generated, resulting in highly adaptable network areas. If a node enters an area and receives no response after sending a join request, it indicates that the area does not yet have a core routing node, and the node can automatically become one. Furthermore, if a core routing node leaves an area, other nodes in that area can also become core routing nodes. When a node is upgraded to a core routing node, its configuration, capabilities (such as GPS), energy, and stability are the main considerations. If the node has a good configuration, strong computing power, and GPS, it can be upgraded to a core node and configured as a routing server. GPS is mainly used to determine its own geographical location. Geographical location information does not need to be updated frequently and belongs to control information. With the geographical location, the area governed by the core routing node can be determined using a circle with a radius. This dynamic generation method of core routing nodes not only makes the network highly self-adaptive but also highly reliable. When a core routing node fails or moves out of a certain area, other nodes can automatically be upgraded to core nodes, thus ensuring the normal operation of the network. 5 Conclusion Wireless mobile sensor networks differ from traditional networks in that they have high mobility and dynamism and are also limited by energy consumption. Designing a good architecture has always been an important research direction. An adaptive architecture has been proposed, but many issues still need to be studied. Current mobility models usually use random walk models, but these models cannot reflect the absolute mobility and relative stability that exist in the real world. Therefore, these aspects need further in-depth research.