Abstract: This paper takes the "Nanchang 500kV substation training simulation system" as an example to introduce the data exchange and monitoring functions of the simulation substation monitoring system using configuration software as a platform. Keywords: configuration software; Fix32; monitoring system; substation simulation I. Introduction With the rapid development of China's national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for power supply reliability are becoming increasingly higher. Statistics show that among various accidents in the power system, accidents caused by operator errors and misjudgments account for about 40%. Therefore, improving the operational quality of operators is a crucial and fundamental aspect to ensure the safe operation of the power system. As an intermediary link between power plants and users, substations play a role in transforming and distributing electrical energy. Therefore, the safe operation of substations is crucial for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Among them, 500 kV substations designed according to the requirements of integrated automation have higher requirements for the quality of substation operators due to the adoption of current advanced automation technology. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a substation simulation training system that is adapted to this. II. Substation Training Simulation Mode The research and development of substation simulation training systems has a history of nearly 10 years. For substation simulation training systems that target operators, there are currently two types of substation simulation training systems in China: (1) Substation training simulation mode that combines hardware panel and software simulation. In addition to using a conventional computer as the core of the simulation system, this mode generally sets up a main control room similar to the actual substation and simulates the protection panel, control panel, central signal panel, etc. of each voltage level at a 1:1 scale. The meters, control switches, traffic lights, buttons, and indicator lights on the panel are consistent with the actual substation in both appearance and arrangement. The equipment closely related to substation operators, such as protection pressure plates, buttons, indicator lights, and signal drop signs, are simulated in scale. The operating status of switches, buttons, pressure plates, etc., as well as the meter indications, audible and visual signals, and signal drop signs under various operating states are all monitored in real time by the industrial control computer and reflected in real time on the control panel. Correct operation will result in the correct result, while incorrect operation will result in an accident state. Therefore, it can very realistically reflect the trainee's operating level and accident handling ability, leaving a deep impression on the trainees. This is the biggest advantage of this simulation mode. However, the disadvantages are also obvious: the system hardware cost is high, and the reliability and maintainability are poor. (2) Pure software substation training simulation mode. This mode is designed for many substations that are currently designed according to the integrated automation mode. Therefore, the physical equipment such as protection panels, control panels, and central signal panels in the traditional control room of the above mode are all replaced by computer monitoring platforms. All monitoring functions are realized through MMI to interact with the trainees. A large number of hardware devices are eliminated, greatly improving reliability and facilitating system updates and upgrades. Nowadays, more and more substations are designed according to the integrated automation mode. The biggest difference between integrated automated substations and conventional substations lies in the secondary components, with significant differences in hardware and operation and maintenance environments. Developing a simulation training system for integrated automated substations is therefore urgent. This 500kV substation simulation system adopts the second mode and is entirely based on the Nanchang 500kV substation monitoring platform, using currently popular industrial configuration software as the development platform. Simulations of other voltage levels use the first mode to accommodate the simulation training of substation operators in substations that do not adopt integrated automation design. Their monitoring platform also uses configuration software as the development platform. III. Simulation System Construction 1. System Overall Architecture The system adopts a combination of hardware and software simulation. The hardware simulation system includes a control panel, simulation panel, protection cabinet, controllable miniature models of local primary equipment (with measurable and controllable switch states), and the power system. The software simulation covers the instructor's console, trainee SCADA system, dispatch simulation, microcomputer relay protection simulation, fault recording, operation ticket expert system, and fault multimedia demonstration system. The entire system utilizes seven industrial control computers and eight microcomputers to construct a distributed data acquisition and control system, with a single server responsible for the data communication control and data processing of the entire system. As shown in Figure 1: [align=center] Figure 1: Overall Structure Diagram of the Simulation System[/align] 2. Application Architecture of FIX32 Configuration Software in this Simulation System As a mainstream industrial automation software in the current industrial control field, FIX32 integrates control technology, human-machine interface technology, graphics technology, database technology, and network technology. It includes components such as dynamic display, alarm, trend, control strategy, and control network communication, providing a user-friendly interface that allows users to generate their required application software without writing any code. The core of FIX software is the database, which is a description of a control strategy formed by process control logic. Users implement the database process through various configuration modules, which is also the process of implementing the control strategy, including data acquisition, processing, and output. Draw is a powerful graphical configuration development environment provided by FIX, offering rich drawing tools and dynamic symbol sets. It can design very beautiful industrial monitoring screens and define the connections between each display element and the database module to establish dynamic monitoring display screens. View is a real-time dynamic display environment provided by FIX, used to display the graphical window created by Draw. In this simulation system, the data acquisition and management function (SCADA) of FIX32 DMACS software, consisting of a third-party DDE program, process database, and system real-time database access, is used as the background dynamic data support system for View during real-time operation. (1) Third-party DDE interface: It is a dynamic data exchange interface with bidirectional data exchange using a C/S (client/server mode) structure. It completes the dynamic data exchange between the monitoring screen and the system process database, and the dynamic data exchange between the system real-time database and the FIX process database. For the implementation of related software technologies, please refer to the references in this paper [1]. (2) Process database: It is the core of FIX32. It consists of flow control logic loops. The description form is blocks and chains. A block is a set of coded control instructions that can realize specific tasks. A chain is a sequence of "blocks" connected together that can create control loops. In FIX32, blocks can be created through the database builder module provided by FIX32. To create a new block, the user needs to input the block name, specify the source of the block's received values, the destination of the block's output values, alarm priority, and how to react to changes in critical or general data values. Then, the created blocks are connected to form a chain, and each chain implements the operations specified in the process. After the chain is created, the SAC program will process the instructions in each block within a specified time. If you want to read data from an input/output device, perform calculations, and write it back to that input/output device, the chain that executes this strategy can be an analog input block (AI), a computation block (CA), and an analog output block (AO). (3) System real-time database access: Shared memory technology is used to realize data exchange between the local communication process (DDE) and the server client communication program. The server client communication program uses a multi-threaded communication mechanism to exchange real-time data with the server according to the TCP/IP protocol and a stable streaming Socket connection to obtain dynamic data in the system's real-time database. For details, please refer to reference [2] [align=center] Figure 2: Application architecture of FIX32 in this simulation system[/align] 3. Functions and design of the monitoring system The control panel used in the traditional control room has been replaced by a monitoring computer based on the Fix platform. The monitoring computer provides many functions that are the same as those in the control room, such as: monitoring, alarm, control and management, and supervision control. 1) The design of the monitoring screen adopts object-oriented technology, template technology and multi-task technology, which changes the traditional drawing method and shortens the development cycle. The monitoring system consists of two parts: static and dynamic screens. Through them and their various combinations, the operating status of equipment such as busbars, transformers, switches, and circuit breakers can be clearly and intuitively reflected. The display of important analog quantities such as voltage, current and power adopts dynamic text, and the screen data is refreshed in real time according to the changes in the value of the library label. 2) Historical curve display and data query function at any time. FIX can use dynamic data exchange (DDE) technology to sample and save the dynamic data of the real-time database at the time interval set by the user, so as to ensure that it can be extracted from the historical data file at any time for historical trend curve display, so as to facilitate the training personnel to analyze historical data and events. In addition, users can define the output time and output cycle of reports according to their needs. Historical curves can reflect the changing trends of various analog quantities. Through trend graphs, operators can see the changes in active and reactive power and can view voltage, active, and reactive power at any historical moment. 3) Alarm management function. The alarm management function will immediately pop up the fault component signal screen when a fault occurs, reminding the operator and displaying the fault information. This system directly utilizes the alarm function of Fix to realize relevant on-site alarms and various application alarms. 4) System safety management function. In order to ensure the needs of normal production monitoring and prevent production stoppages and large economic losses caused by misoperation, the scope of responsibilities of operators must be clearly defined, while taking into account the security of the software itself to prevent operator misoperation. For the scope of responsibilities of operators, the operator's operation permissions can be set by confirming the ID number and password when designing the monitoring program. 5) Relay protection. This part is provided by the instructor station for fault initiation and fault calculation. The student monitoring system outputs the relay protection start signal to the monitoring screen according to the electrical logic relationship of the substation relay protection. This system simulates the operation of various protection devices of different models, both microprocessor-based and non-microprocessor-based, under various fault conditions. The microprocessor-based protection simulation includes different models of protection devices such as busbars, main transformers and lines, and capacitors and reactors. In terms of simulation structure, the relay protection simulation adopts a "black box" mode, simulating different protection types and operating principles within the "black box." Start-up signals and control signals are input to the "black box." Start-up signals mainly include short-circuit current or short-circuit voltage signals and logic start-up signals; control signals include DC control signals in the secondary circuit, protection blocking signals, and protection failure-to-operate signals. The start-up and control signals are logically ANDed; when the control power supply is lost or the protection circuit is blocked, the protection module cannot trigger or operate normally. Unlike setpoint start signals, logic start signals target specific faults, such as secondary circuit faults, transformer gas faults, and system oscillations. These faults lack system-defined time and protection setpoints. The fault signal uses a pure logic start signal, with protection judgment and output based on its logic circuit. The various output control signals are categorized and organized, including switch trip signals, alarm signals, meter signals, protection transmission signals, and fault audible signals, which are sent to the system database. These signals are then sent to the FIX process database via the DDE interface, ultimately dynamically refreshing the relevant indicator lights and signal lights in the relay protection simulation interface based on the FIX monitoring platform. Trainees can access protection activation information under fault conditions through an interface identical to that of real protection equipment. Furthermore, trainees can set protection control words through the same interface as real protection equipment, sending protection control signals to the relay protection simulation logic input terminal via the DDE interface and system database. [align=center] Figure 3: Relay Protection Simulation[/align] Conclusion The system's actual operation has proven that Fix's open design philosophy allows users to design and use flexible, easy-to-edit, and diverse monitoring systems with rich image quality and presentation formats. The configuration software Fix provides features such as templates, libraries, and wizards, which can shorten the time required for users to configure the system and enhance its functionality. Users can quickly build a simulation substation monitoring system based on Fix to suit the actual conditions of different substations. References: 1. Shi Bin, Zhou Jianhua. Data communication between student SCADA terminal and simulation training system. "Electrical Engineering Technology Magazine" [J], 2004, No. 4. 2. Zhou Jianhua. Research on real-time communication application in substation simulation system. "Electrical Engineering Technology Magazine" [J], 2002, No. 1.