With the continuous improvement and refinement of China's Luoyang float glass technology, which possesses independent intellectual property rights, in practice, float glass technology has become the dominant process in my country's glass industry. Currently, over 90% of my country's more than 150 float glass production lines utilize Luoyang float glass technology. In 2005, float glass production reached 335.8 million weight boxes, exceeding 80% of the total national flat glass production. The glass industry is a typical resource- and energy-intensive industry. The average energy consumption of float glass in my country is 7800 kJ/kg of molten glass, about 20% higher than the international average, and the gap with international advanced levels is even greater. Therefore, my country's glass industry has enormous potential for energy conservation, but achieving the national target of 4% annual energy savings remains a challenging task. The main approaches to energy conservation in the glass industry include: first, implementing large-scale melting furnaces and system software control technology; second, adopting oxygen-enriched combustion and full-oxygen combustion technologies; third, low-temperature waste heat power generation technology for glass melting furnaces; and fourth, recycling and reusing rubble glass. In terms of large-scale glass melting furnaces, the Qinhuangdao Glass Industry Research and Design Institute took the lead in development and research. Since 1997, the institute has worked closely with Jiangsu Huarun Group Co., Ltd. to successfully develop large-scale float glass technology. Using this technology, three 900t/d float glass production lines were built. As of August 2006, the longest commercial operation lasted 24 months and the shortest 19 months. The energy-saving effect was obvious, the glass quality was significantly improved, and the operation was very stable. The main technical contents are as follows: 1. Structure and control technology of large float glass melting furnace In view of the characteristics of large-scale melting furnace structure, a mathematical model of key process structure of large-scale melting furnace was established, and the structural dimensional parameters of large glass melting furnace were optimized. The following technologies were developed: FDS resistance calculation software, CBS melting furnace combined arch structure optimization design software, and QMASSPRO rapid calculation technology for the strength characteristics of irregular complex structures. Software and hardware assurance technologies for melting furnace safety were also developed. Kiln pressure and kiln temperature are important process parameters for melting furnace operation; their stability affects the furnace's service life, melting quality, and energy consumption. Therefore, a multi-level anti-disturbance expert system optimization control software for the melting furnace was developed, along with a rapid reversing expert software control system with kiln temperature and pressure compensation technology. During reversing, the kiln temperature fluctuation is less than 5℃. The intelligent kiln temperature control module technology achieves optimized control of the air-fuel ratio. The larger the furnace, the larger the area requiring sealing, and the more difficult it is to control the thermal expansion and deformation of refractory materials. To address this, a four-layer portal frame steel structure was developed to solve the structural expansion control problem of large-sized melting pools in large-scale furnaces. To improve the reliability and safety of the front wall, a new small-nose flexible hanging wall technology—a high-position armored flexible front wall—was developed, solving the problem of thermal deformation of the hanging wall structure due to the high flame space and large lateral span. 2. A mathematical model of the glass forming process was established, and the structure and forming process software of large tin baths were optimized. Large-scale tin baths are prone to overall structural deformation due to thermal expansion after furnace heating, affecting production and use. Therefore, a mathematical model of the glass forming process was established, and the structure and forming process software of large tin baths were optimized. The sealing performance of the tin bath was optimized and integrated, the range of shrinkage rate values ​​for large-scale tin baths was determined, a new shrinkage rate calculation method was established, and a new steel structure for molten tin pools suitable for large-tonnage, wide-plate glass forming was developed. 3. Established a fully digital networked cold-end computer control technology. The float glass cold-end system operates continuously and without interruption, requiring high reliability. A networked fully digital control system and a multi-stage segmentation control system were developed at the cold end, improving the accuracy of the automatic control system. The operating parameters of Jiangsu Huarun Group Co., Ltd.'s 900t/d (eight-line) system are as follows: Melting capacity: 900t/d; Original plate width: 4950mm; Qualified plate width: 4600mm; Product thickness: Successfully commercially produced glass of various thicknesses from 4.0mm to 15mm; Trial production of 19mm thick glass; Yield: Product yield is 88%–90%, with automotive grade approximately 85%; Actual heat consumption indicators (data taken from daily drawing volumes above 900 tons): Average melting heat consumption 8.162kg heavy oil/weight box (equivalent to 1438.4kcal/kg molten glass), minimum 7.576kg heavy oil/weight box (equivalent to 1354.5kcal/kg molten glass). In August 2006, the China Building Materials Industry Association organized industry experts to conduct a scientific and technological achievement appraisal of the project "Development of Hot-End Large-Scale and Control System Technology and Its Engineering Application in a 900t/d Float Glass Production Line", which was completed by Qinhuangdao Glass Industry Research and Design Institute and Jiangsu Huarun Group Co., Ltd. The following conclusions were reached. (1) Based on the system analysis and optimization of hot-end technology, a mathematical model of the key structure of large-scale melting furnace and tin bath was established, and several related software were developed. The design and engineering application technology of hot-end large-scale float glass production and supporting technologies were formed. The structural and safety difficulties of large melting furnaces were overcome, and a new concept of melting and forming process was proposed. The effective utilization rate of the melting furnace was significantly improved, and the energy-saving effect was significant. The 900t/d float glass production line with a melting furnace inner width of 12.8m was built, filling the domestic gap. (2) The project has made innovations in the design and engineering application of large-scale melting furnaces, such as FDS resistance calculation, CBS melting furnace combined arch structure optimization design, QMASSPRO rapid calculation method for strength characteristics of irregular and complex structures, and allowable value of hot internal stress of large arch bricks in melting furnaces. (3) The results have been successfully applied to three 900t/d float glass production lines of Jiangsu Huarun Group Co., Ltd. After two years of actual operation, it has been shown that the melting furnace heat consumption is 5660～6010kJ/kg glass liquid, which is at the international advanced level. According to the heat balance test of East China University of Science and Technology in accordance with the building materials industry standard JC488-92, the effective heat utilization rate of the melting furnace reached 49.09%. The reduction in energy consumption can also relatively reduce the consumption of water, electricity and other resources and sulfur dioxide emissions. At the same time, the glass quality has been comprehensively improved. The products have been sampled and tested by the National Glass Quality Inspection Center and Yanshan University. The main appearance indicators and internal quality indicators have reached the level of similar international products. The economic and social benefits are significant. (4) The research and development and engineering application of this achievement have played a demonstrative role in the large-scale production of float glass. It is of great significance for improving the scale structure and production efficiency of single-line production, saving energy, effectively utilizing resources, comprehensively improving the technological level of the industry and establishing a conservation-oriented society. It has broad prospects for promotion.