Abstract: Taking the GGDZ distribution cabinet as an example, this paper introduces the working principle, typical application scenarios, and selection methods of an intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet based on voltage stabilization technology. Keywords: energy saving; lighting; distribution cabinet; voltage stabilizer The "Green Lighting" project is a nationwide systematic project to save electricity for lighting and protect the ecological environment. The GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet is a new type of energy-saving product developed according to this requirement and combined with the patented technology of contactless voltage stabilizer. 1 Working Principle of Intelligent Lighting Energy-Saving Distribution Cabinet 1.1 Voltage Regulation and Power Saving According to the formula for the power of a lamp, P = U²/Z, for a specific lamp, for every 5% increase (decrease) in its supply voltage U, the power consumption increases by approximately
The power supply voltage of the lighting fixtures can save a lot of energy. The GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet is a product with voltage regulation and stabilization functions. Its system structure is shown in Figure 1.
This part of the circuit mainly consists of a sampling unit, a timing unit, a solid-state relay unit, a main control board, a compensation transformer unit, and a protection circuit. The working principle diagram of a single-phase compensation circuit is shown in Figure 2. In the figure, BT1, BT2, and BT3 are three independent compensation transformers (generally 3-4, selected according to the voltage regulation accuracy and required input voltage range). Their secondary compensation voltages are generally set to 7V, 14V, 28V (or 5V, 10V, 20V), etc. S1-S12 are 12 solid-state relays (S1-S4 with BT1, S5-S8 with BT2, and S9-S12 with BT3 form three power bridges respectively). If the output voltage Uo exceeds the set value due to an increase in input voltage Ui or a change in load, the main control board samples, compares, and judges, causing the compensation transformer to operate, generating a reverse polarity compensation voltage to reduce the output voltage to within the set value. For example, to generate a 7V compensation voltage, S1/S4 and S2/S3 are alternately triggered, causing BT1 to operate. When the output voltage Uo is lower than the set value, after sampling, comparison, and judgment, the main control board microcomputer triggers the solid-state relays in the opposite timing sequence, causing the compensation transformer to generate a positive compensation voltage, raising the output voltage to within the set value. As shown in the figure, the compensation voltage generated when BT1, BT2, and BT3 are all working can reach ±49V (or ±35V). During energy-saving operation, the energy-saving cabinet changes the set voltage according to the instructions output by the time control unit. For example, at a specific time, it automatically outputs the first energy-saving voltage of 209V (adjustable) to soft-start the lighting fixtures. Before 12:00 midnight (this time can be arbitrarily set by the program), the fixtures operate at this energy-saving voltage. At night, the voltage continuously increases while the illuminance requirement decreases. Therefore, under the action of the microcomputer and the time control unit, the energy-saving distribution cabinet gradually reduces the output voltage to another stable voltage suitable for nighttime lighting—the second energy-saving voltage of 195V (adjustable)—to achieve greater energy-saving effect. Then, at a set time before dawn, the voltage is raised back to the first energy-saving voltage, and the lights are turned off at the designated time. The timing of turning lights on and off, the output of the first and second voltage levels, and the operating mode can all be set and changed on the fully Chinese display interface. After adopting the GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet, the energy-saving effect achieved by intelligent voltage regulation alone can generally reach 20% to 30%. 1.2 Power Factor Improvement for Energy Saving The GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet is equipped with a "power factor improvement unit," which can automatically adjust the power factor according to the load conditions in the circuit, providing sufficient reactive power capacity. For the same electrical load, the total electrical capacity can be reduced by approximately 15% to 25%, thus meeting the power sector's requirements for reactive power compensation and avoiding penalties due to excessively low power factors. After the power factor is improved, the total current in the lighting circuit decreases, and reactive power losses are reduced.
1.3 Eliminating Surge Harmonics and Saving Energy Surge transients can severely reduce the power efficiency of a system. The GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet features unique surge suppression components and multiple filters to eliminate surge harmonics, effectively eliminating interference or damage to system equipment caused by transient surges, reducing increased losses in equipment and lines caused by transient surges, and improving the overall power efficiency of the system. 2. Main Features of the GGDZ Energy-Saving Distribution Cabinet The GGDZ energy-saving distribution cabinet utilizes patented contactless voltage regulation technology and is manufactured with high-quality components. The product can operate continuously and stably under harsh power grid environments and complex load conditions, achieving long-term maintenance-free operation. Other features are shown in Table 1.
3. Selection of Intelligent Lighting Energy-Saving Distribution Cabinet 3.1 Selection of Energy-Saving Cabinet Capacity Assume the energy-saving cabinet supplies power to 90 high-pressure sodium lamps (400W/lamp). Referring to the technical manual for ordinary high-pressure sodium lamps, the rated current of a 400W high-pressure sodium lamp is 4.6A. Total current per phase = 4.6A/lamp × 90 lamps ÷ 3 phases × 1.1 = 151.8A. The rated current of the energy-saving distribution cabinet should be greater than or equal to this current. Referring to the GGDZ distribution cabinet manual, a three-phase 100kVA GGDZ-3100 intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet with a rated current of 152A per phase can be selected. That is, the capacity of the three-phase distribution cabinet can be selected according to the following formula: Rated current of the energy-saving distribution cabinet ≥ Rated current of each lamp × Number of lamps ÷ 3 × 1.1. For the single-phase distribution cabinet, it can be selected in a similar way: Rated current of the energy-saving distribution cabinet ≥ Rated current of each lamp × Number of lamps × 1.1. Assuming that the sodium lamps work for 13 hours a day, the average lighting voltage before the energy-saving cabinet is put into operation is 231V, and the lighting voltage after operation is 209V and 195V, each working for 6.5 hours, then the investment cost can be recovered in one year. Adding the extended lifespan of the lamps and the reduction in maintenance costs, the total benefit is even higher. Moreover, the GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet has a service life of up to 15 years, providing long-term benefits from a one-time investment. 3.2 Use of Energy-Saving Cabinets According to statistics, lighting electricity consumption accounts for about 13% of the national electricity consumption, with an annual expenditure of about 80 billion RMB. These two figures alone demonstrate the significant importance of implementing energy-saving measures for lighting products and systems. GGDZ intelligent lighting energy-saving distribution cabinet is a very practical energy-saving product with a power saving rate of over 20% (up to 55%). Using this product in factory lighting, municipal lighting, traffic lighting and public lighting can not only save a lot of electricity bills and extend the life of the original lighting network, but also effectively reduce the emissions of SO2 and other pollutants from thermal power plants, thus protecting the ecological environment.
