Abstract: The "New Beijing Transportation System" and Beijing's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" have put forward new requirements and brought strategic opportunities to the Beijing Metro. According to the overall development goals of the Beijing Metro, a "New Metro" that is safe, reliable, efficient, convenient, functional, low-consumption, and environmentally friendly should be built. Therefore, it is necessary to take advanced and reliable technology and equipment as a solid foundation, support it with the scientific management of modern enterprises, study and formulate enterprise development strategies, improve internal management systems and operating mechanisms, innovate operation and management models, and build a "people-oriented" corporate culture. Keywords: Beijing; rail transit; metro; management 1 Establishing a "New Beijing Transportation System" 1.1 On Beijing Transportation Planning The development goal proposed in the "Beijing Transportation Development Outline" is to fully build a "New Beijing Transportation System" that adapts to the needs of the capital's economic and social development, meets the ever-growing and changing transportation demands of the whole society, and matches the functions of the national capital and a modern international metropolis. The "New Beijing Transportation System" is based on modern, advanced transportation facilities, constructing a comprehensive transportation system dominated by public transport; relying on informatization and the rule of law, it provides safe, efficient, comfortable, and environmentally friendly transportation services; urban transportation construction is coordinated with the historical and cultural landscape and natural ecological environment of the city, guiding and supporting the optimization and adjustment of urban spatial structure and functional layout to achieve sustainable urban development. It also clearly states that: with the urban rail transit system as the leading force, the construction of a modern public passenger transport system will be comprehensively promoted, accelerating the establishment of its dominant position in urban passenger transport. It aims to improve the connection and transfer conditions between different modes of passenger transport, achieving coordinated development of public transport, bicycle transport, pedestrian transport, and automobile transport, forming a multi-modal and multi-level travel service system. By 2020, 19 rail transit lines will be completed, with a total operating mileage of approximately 570 km. 1.2 Regarding Beijing's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan": Based on the overall strategic deployment of the capital's modernization, the development goals for Beijing during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period are: closely aligning with the strategic vision of "New Beijing, New Olympics," to build an innovative, harmonious, and livable new Beijing; to successfully host a distinctive and high-level Olympic Games; and to strive for significant improvements in economic development, independent innovation capabilities, sustainable development capabilities, people's quality of life, and the level of building a harmonious society in the capital, laying the basic framework for a modern international city. Comprehensive promotion of public transport priority will be implemented, constructing a modern integrated transportation system that is "structurally rational, functionally complete, safe and convenient, efficient and environmentally friendly, integrating urban and rural areas, and coordinating intercity transportation." By 2010, a preliminary framework for a "New Beijing Transportation System" will be established, characterized by a relatively complete transportation infrastructure structure, significantly improved carrying capacity, advanced operation and management, and basic adaptation to the ever-increasing transportation demands. Priority will be given to the development of public transportation, with the operating mileage of rail transit reaching 270 km (see Figure 1), daily passenger volume exceeding 5 million trips, and the proportion of public transport trips in the central city reaching 40%. 2. Development goals, basic characteristics and strategic opportunities of the “new subway” 2.1 Development goals of the “new subway” The “new Beijing, new Olympics” and the “new Beijing transportation system” as well as the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” for the development of the state-owned economy have put forward new requirements for the Beijing subway. Accordingly, the overall development ideas and vision of the Beijing subway are: closely following the strategic concept of “new Beijing, new Olympics”, adhering to the working policy of safety as the foundation, service as the fundamental, efficiency as the goal, management as the means and reform as the driving force, taking customer needs as the guide, taking international advanced levels as the reference, continuously improving and enhancing management and service levels, building a “new subway” that matches the functional positioning of the national capital, international city, cultural city and livable city and plays a backbone and leading role in the “new Beijing transportation system”, entering the ranks of international advanced subways, and striving to build the company into a world-class subway operator in accordance with the requirements of the state-owned economy development strategy. 2.2 Basic characteristics of the “new subway” The basic characteristics of the “new subway” include at least the following aspects, and the “Service Quality Standards of Beijing Subway Operation Co., Ltd” were compiled and implemented accordingly. (1) Safe and reliable. The main focus is on avoiding or reducing passenger and employee injuries and deaths caused by various reasons, and keeping the frequency of such incidents to a minimum; strictly controlling train operation deviations from the planned timetable, reducing passenger delays, and especially avoiding or reducing incidents that cause traffic chaos in the metro network or even the entire city. (2) High efficiency and convenience. The main focus is on reducing train intervals, increasing travel speed, attracting passenger flow to the maximum extent, improving network utilization, completing the most train mileage and passenger volume with the fewest employees, and shortening the transfer time between the metro network and the outside. At the same time, efforts are made to reduce operating costs, and reduce indicators such as vehicle-kilometer and personnel-kilometer costs to the minimum. (3) Complete functions. Guided by passenger needs, the system of guiding signs, ticketing system, escalators, ventilation and air conditioning, station and train broadcasts, facilities for the disabled, toilets, passenger information system, emergency alarm calls and other passenger service facilities are continuously improved; on the other hand, efforts are made to improve extended value-added services such as advertising, communication, convenience commerce, and mobile TV. (4) Low consumption and environmental protection. To build a resource-saving society, we will strive to reduce the water and electricity consumption of the subway, and minimize the electricity and water consumption per vehicle-kilometer and per passenger-kilometer. In accordance with the requirements of building an environmentally friendly city, we will ensure that noise, asbestos, dust, CO2 and other emissions meet the relevant standards. (5) Civilized and comfortable. We will build a good subway station, train and human environment, so that the station and train are clean, beautiful and with suitable temperature and humidity. We will ensure that employees are dedicated to their work, have a friendly image, speak warmly, are honest and provide thoughtful service. We will guide passengers to ride the train, use the elevator, swipe their cards and give way in a civilized manner, and jointly create an orderly and good riding environment. We will provide the services needed by the disabled and vulnerable groups and strive to improve the satisfaction of the majority of passengers. (6) Well-known brand. On the basis of providing high-quality services to passengers, we will focus on shaping a good corporate image and brand building. In addition to the corporate visual identity system (VI), employee uniforms and station and train environment and other objective corporate image, we will establish a brand service center to provide comprehensive services to passengers and strive to build Beijing Subway into an internationally well-known brand that the government trusts, passengers are satisfied with, peers praise and all sectors of society appreciate. 2.3 Strategic Opportunities of the "New Metro" Firstly, the opening and operation of Metro Lines 5, 10, and the Olympic Branch Line created favorable conditions for the construction of the "New Metro." Through the opening and operation of these new lines, a scientific internal management system, operating mechanism, and operational management model were established, laying the foundation for the basic framework of the "New Metro" and initially achieving its goals. Secondly, in accordance with the management objectives of the "New Metro," Metro Lines 1 and 2 underwent comprehensive and systematic renovation and upgrading. Based on this, a comprehensive reform and innovation of the internal management system, operating mechanism, and operational management model was implemented to comprehensively improve operational management and service levels, striving to achieve the goals of the "New Metro." 3. The "New Metro" is Supported by the Scientific Management of an Excellent Modern Enterprise 3.1 Research and Formulation of Enterprise Development Strategy Strategy is the core that governs all work. It is the guiding principle for achieving enterprise development goals and a system of thought that helps enterprises grasp development opportunities and their action processes, forming organizational synergy within the enterprise. Therefore, through research on enterprise development strategy, the enterprise's development vision, positioning and mission, and phased development goals were established. Strategic measures and safeguards for the implementation of the strategy were formulated, laying the foundation for the enterprise's sustainable and healthy development. 3.2 Improving Internal Management System and Operating Mechanism To adapt to the continuously expanding network scale and the needs of networked transportation, in accordance with the basic principles of corporate grouping and internal marketization, the subway company initiated reforms and adjustments to its internal management system and operating mechanism. Several passenger transport branches (operation service providers) were established within the company, engaged in train and station operations; specialized maintenance branches or subsidiaries (maintenance service providers) were established, engaged in power supply, communication signaling, track, electromechanical, building maintenance, and vehicle overhaul; and several subsidiaries (value-added service providers) were established, engaged in resource development and operation. Each unit is an independently accounting operating entity or subject. The operation service providers, through contracts, entrust the maintenance service providers with the maintenance of vehicles, buildings, and various equipment systems and pay related fees. They also entrust the value-added service providers with the development and operation of related resources and collect corresponding resource fees (see Figure 2). The subway company implemented comprehensive budget management, reformed the distribution system, and established a sound performance appraisal system. KPI indicators for each unit were scientifically and rationally determined, relevant reward and punishment policies were formulated, and total wage control was implemented for each unit, with payments made based on performance appraisal results. Meanwhile, to motivate employees, the employee compensation system was reformed based on the evaluation results of each position, competitive recruitment was implemented, and a comprehensive individual performance appraisal system was established. Following the principle of hierarchical management, individual performance appraisals were implemented, with the results directly linked to individual income and applied to promotions, awards, and competitive recruitment. 3.3 Continuously Improve and Innovate Operational Management Model. Safety is fundamental. We conscientiously implement relevant safety production regulations, adhere to the working policy of "safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive management," and the management philosophies of "focusing on small issues to prevent major ones, moving the safety checkpoint forward," "safe operation, fundamental success," and "safe operation, management is key." We continuously strengthen the "treatment, control, and rescue" safety control system, strive to explore and continuously improve the level of safety management, and ensure safe and reliable operation. "Treatment" refers to addressing hidden dangers in personnel, vehicles and equipment, environment, and management. "Control" means controlling the unsafe factors in these four aspects to an acceptable level. "Rescue" means improving emergency rescue capabilities and building the last line of defense for safety. Service is fundamental. Centered on the market and guided by passenger needs, and referencing international best practices, we continuously improve service facilities and management, constantly raising service quality standards and levels to provide passengers with attentive and satisfactory service, striving to reach international advanced levels. Efficiency is the goal. We attract passenger flow and increase ticket revenue through safe, reliable, and high-quality service; reduce maintenance workload and lower maintenance costs with advanced and reliable technology and equipment; optimize operational production organization through process reengineering, reducing manpower and increasing efficiency, lowering labor costs, and striving for optimal economic and social benefits. Management is the means. Creating a civilized industry and establishing an ISO 9001 quality management system are another important measure recently introduced by the subway company, and also important goals for building a "new subway." Through the evaluation and acceptance of creating a civilized industry and quality management system certification, we further strengthen safety, service, efficiency, and management levels. Reform is the driving force. Summarizing years of operational management experience of Beijing Subway Company, based on increasingly advanced and reliable technology and equipment, using process reengineering as a means, and ensuring safe, reliable, and high-quality service as a prerequisite, we optimize operational production organization and reform and innovate operational management models. In terms of dispatching and command, centralized dispatching for train operation, power supply, environmental control, and disaster prevention is implemented for each line, achieving a two-tier dispatching and command model involving train dispatchers and drivers. Regarding passenger service, a single-driver mechanism based on a shift system is implemented. For station operations, the station's integrated control room centrally controls and monitors all system equipment. For ticketing, an automatic fare collection system is adopted, implementing distance-based fare collection and a unified municipal transportation IC card system. Regarding vehicle and equipment maintenance, preventative (planned) maintenance, condition-based maintenance, and fault-based maintenance management models are adopted according to different equipment types. 3.4 Building an Excellent Corporate Culture Based on the company's mission and vision, through research, diagnosis, analysis, and summarization of the current state of corporate culture, a value system consistent with modern enterprise development is established. First, establish a spiritual core concept, including corporate values, corporate spirit, corporate mission, corporate philosophy, corporate ethics, corporate style, corporate morality, and corporate beliefs. Second, revise and improve corporate systems. Based on the spiritual core concept, review corporate systems, retain suitable and excellent systems, eliminate unsuitable systems, and supplement, revise, and innovate them. Third, revise and improve the material design of the enterprise, including corporate visual identity (VI), station and train environment, office environment, logos, and uniforms. Fourth, establish and improve employee behavior norms. 4. The "New Metro" is based on advanced and reliable technology and equipment. The "New Metro" requires advanced and reliable technology and equipment as its solid material foundation. At the same time, good equipment and facilities are also an important feature and goal of the "New Metro." Therefore, in addition to newly built lines, in accordance with the goals of the "New Metro" and its operation and management model, the old lines will undergo comprehensive and systematic upgrading and renovation. 4.1 Project Overview The Beijing Subway Lines 1 and 2 renovation project included: rolling stock and depot, communication system, signaling system, power supply system, ventilation and smoke extraction system, air conditioning system, water supply and fire protection system, power and lighting system, automatic fire alarm system, environmental and equipment monitoring system, escalators, track and its large-scale inspection and maintenance vehicle, automatic fare collection system and corresponding civil engineering works, station comprehensive renovation project, and centralized relocation project of the command center. The total investment was 6.557 billion yuan, and the construction period was from 2005 to 2009. The major projects were completed and put into use before the Olympic Games. 4.2 Main System Technology and Equipment Rolling Stock: Aiming to create first-class high-quality trains, the traction system adopts an advanced, mature, safe, and reliable IGBT variable frequency transformer (VVVF) system. The auxiliary power supply system uses advanced static inverters with IGBT power elements as switching elements, and two inverters are installed on each train to ensure greater safety and reliability. The braking system employs a simulated brake unit braking system. The air brake has an empty/loaded car adjustment device, enabling automatic coordination with the electric brake to meet the requirements of Automatic Train Operation (ATO) and Automatic Train Protection (ATP) systems, thus improving its safety and reliability. The running gear utilizes internationally mainstream technology—a bolsterless bogie, a welded steel plate frame, and a two-stage suspension system. The primary suspension uses integrated rubber-metal springs, while the secondary suspension uses air springs. The car body is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and fire-resistant unpainted stainless steel. The exterior and interior designs are jointly created by Chinese and foreign companies, resulting in an aesthetically pleasing and people-oriented design. The train carriages are equipped with relatively complete service facilities such as air conditioning, a passenger information system, and mobile television. Power supply: The 10 kV system still uses a dual-power supply method, while increasing the power supply connection nodes between stations, making the power grid structure more scientific and reliable. The circuit breakers use metal-clad, fully enclosed, low-maintenance vacuum switches with a breaking capacity of 31.5 kA, an electrical breaking life of 10,000 cycles, and a mechanical breaking life of 30,000 cycles. Its secondary circuits employ a differential protection method based on fiber optic communication networks, reaching international advanced levels. The 750 kV system uses an equivalent 24-pulse low-maintenance traction transformer, and the rectifiers utilize high-power rectifier tubes with high load-bearing and overload capacity. The circuit breaker cabinets also adopt metal armor, increasing the breaking capacity of the circuit breakers to 130 kA. Simultaneously, protective interlocking devices are added, enabling large-scale dual-side power supply in fault conditions. Non-electrical quantity protection and electrical analog quantity protection are integrated into the advanced SEPCOS microcomputer protection device. The power supply monitoring system employs CCTV video and advanced disk array database technology, a reliable network technology combining gigabit Ethernet and station LAN, a highly stable and reliable UNIX system, and multimedia technology. This enables remote monitoring, control, measurement, metering, and energy analysis of the power supply system, while also providing sign-in and access control functions, thus automating, intelligentizing, and informatizing the entire power supply system. Communication systems, including transmission, official telephones, dedicated telephones, wireless communication, closed-circuit television, broadcasting, and power supply systems, all utilize advanced and reliable technical equipment. The transmission system utilizes a 2.5G × 2MSTP optical transmission system with smooth upgrade capabilities; the wireless communication system employs advanced TETRA standard digital trunking equipment and the cutting-edge DIMETRAIP platform, ensuring scalability and portability. The closed-circuit television (CCTV) system utilizes advanced digital video compression and transmission technology and multimedia switching technology, enabling flexible and reliable remote video image switching and control. Approximately 40 cameras are installed in each station and 2 in each carriage. The entire system achieves diverse functions and integrated subsystem equipment, meeting the comprehensive requirements of voice, text, data, and video images. It possesses system self-diagnostic capabilities and a high degree of automation. Simultaneously, a commercial integrated information platform is being constructed to achieve full coverage of mobile communication and television signals. Signaling: The signaling equipment for Line 1 undergoes partial upgrades to further enhance system safety and stability. The signaling system for Line 2 is being completely upgraded, adopting the internationally leading CBTC moving block signaling system. Each subsystem has redundancy or hot standby to ensure safety, exhibiting a high degree of integration and facilitating rapid fault location and troubleshooting. Multiple backup modes are available to minimize the impact of equipment failures and greatly improve system reliability. Disaster prevention and environmental control: Based on the existing ventilation system, smoke exhaust ducts and smoke curtains have been added to the station. Smoke exhaust fans and ducts have been installed in all station rooms. Corresponding smoke exhaust modes have been developed for each station and section according to smoke control zones and different sections, and these are integrated into the disaster alarm system, enabling automatic linkage control of the corresponding modes after an alarm. A fire water source has been introduced to the station, and the main fire water supply pipes and fire hydrants have been replaced with larger diameter ones. Automatic fire alarm and gas extinguishing systems have been added. In addition to emergency lighting, active evacuation indicator lights have been added to both the station and sections. An air conditioning cooling system has been added to control the temperature in the underground station, and the ventilation and air conditioning system has achieved variable frequency energy-saving operation. A new environmental and equipment monitoring system enables automatic centralized monitoring and management of the entire electromechanical system. Track: Seamless track is used, increasing the average rail length to 1200 m, reducing vibration and making the track structure more stable. The rail fasteners are DTV-type elastic split fasteners, which have good elasticity, high and uniform clamping force, improving the strength and stability of the track structure, and facilitating installation and maintenance, reducing maintenance work. To ensure the safety and reliability of the line and improve maintenance quality and efficiency, large track maintenance vehicles, track inspection vehicles, and flaw detection vehicles have been introduced. Automatic fare collection system: An automatic fare collection system has been added to the entire line to realize automatic ticket checking, automatic ticketing, and semi-automatic ticketing. A distance-based fare system is adopted, and a unified ticket for the metro network and the municipal transportation IC card is implemented for passenger convenience. Meanwhile, to address the problem of insufficient station concourse area, various methods have been adopted to renovate the station's civil engineering, including demolishing some management rooms, moving elevators and adding ramps, and adding ground-level or underground concourses. Comprehensive station renovation: Since the renovation project requires partial damage to the station building and the building facilities are relatively old, the principle of "restoring the old as before" has been followed, and the station floors, walls, columns, and ceilings have been comprehensively renovated to a new look. The station's restrooms and facilities for the disabled have been updated and improved, and a vertical transportation facility for the disabled—a stair-climbing vehicle—has been purchased. Meanwhile, the signage system and advertising were updated, and newly added automatic ticket vending machines, self-service banks, vending machines, and information desks were integrated into the station's comprehensive service center. Command Center: Train operation monitoring, power monitoring, environmental and equipment monitoring, fire alarm monitoring systems, and CCTV images for each line were all centrally located in the same command hall, achieving centralized and comprehensive dispatch and command to adapt to networked transportation and improve efficiency. 4.3 Main Expected Effects: Maximizing the needs of passengers and operational management is the fundamental starting point and end point of the upgrade and renovation, and this principle has been consistently upheld throughout the entire process. Through the upgrade and renovation, firstly, the entire system is technologically advanced and safe and reliable, and the stability and reliability of vehicles and equipment have been greatly improved, fundamentally changing the passive situation of "rigid monitoring" for many years; secondly, the system's transport capacity has been significantly improved, achieving a 2-minute operating interval, but with only 2.5-minute operating intervals allocated to the number of vehicles, resulting in a 27% increase in actual capacity for Lines 1 and 2. And 62%; Third, the service functions are improved. According to passenger needs, various service facilities have been added and improved in stations and trains, and the service level has been greatly improved; Fourth, the maintenance workload is reduced. By adopting a large number of advanced, simple, stable, reliable and maintenance-free system equipment, the goal of reducing maintenance workload and lowering maintenance costs has been achieved; Fifth, energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved. By adopting train regenerative braking, energy-saving lamps and escalators, and frequency conversion energy-saving operation mode of ventilation system, energy consumption is reduced, and underground air quality is improved through ventilation, air conditioning and environmental monitoring system; Sixth, the efficiency and level of operation and management are improved. Advanced and reliable technical equipment is equipped according to the reform goals of operation and management model, creating good conditions for realizing new dispatching methods, crew system, station service mode, ticket system and fare, and vehicle and equipment maintenance mode; Seventh, a beautiful riding environment is created for passengers. By updating vehicles and comprehensively renovating stations, a comfortable, clean and beautiful riding environment is provided for passengers, and a high-quality service brand is established. 5 The "New Metro" takes an excellent workforce as the fundamental guarantee. 5.1 Cultivate people through various training and development methods. According to the skills and development requirements of each position, a human resource demand plan is formulated. Analyze the performance of current employees and develop targeted employee training and development plans. Managers at all levels should not only analyze the adaptability of their subordinates but also help employees conduct job adaptability assessments to ensure they perform effectively in suitable positions. Establish and improve internal training systems, including pre-job training and internships, certification training and examinations, promotion training and examinations, daily adaptability and improvement training, and special training for specific periods. Emphasize and persist in external training, sending employees to domestic and international manufacturers for training on new technologies and equipment. 5.2 Shaping People with Excellent Corporate Culture Promoting excellent corporate culture means guiding the different values ​​of different people within the company towards a correct direction conducive to the company's development, allowing corporate culture to permeate every corner, enabling employees to deeply understand and identify with it, and consciously improve, motivate, and discipline themselves accordingly. Establish a corporate culture promotion system, adopting various effective forms for long-term publicity and implementation. Simultaneously, establish a corporate culture evaluation system, including violations of employee conduct norms in performance appraisals, so that corporate culture truly takes root and permeates all aspects of the company's operation and management. 5.3 Guiding People with Scientific Performance Management Performance appraisal is the foundation for perfecting value distribution, and a scientific and reasonable value evaluation system is an important means of motivating and constraining people. Through performance appraisal and feedback, employees can correctly assess themselves, identify gaps, clarify their direction of effort, and improve their performance level. Performance appraisal results not only determine employee compensation but also serve as an important basis for promotion, demotion, job adjustment, and commendation, highlighting rewards for excellence and penalties for poor performance, and fully leveraging its incentive and constraint effects. Performance appraisal should not only be conducted on individual employees but also on the entire organization, directly linking it to their total payroll. This makes employees more focused on the organization's performance and enhances managers' sense of responsibility. The key to activating the workforce lies in first activating the management team. Therefore, it is advocated that managers receive a compensation system that links high salaries to high work performance, and that the special significance and role of entrepreneurial spirit and innovation in value creation are highly recognized. This will motivate managers to learn diligently, exert their initiative and pioneering spirit, lead employees to challenge high goals, and improve work performance. 5.4 A scientific personnel selection and appointment mechanism will incentivize employees, adhering to the principle of "promotion and demotion based on merit." This will be achieved through continuous improvement of the performance evaluation system, ensuring that talent utilization is based on scientific assessment. In particular, a robust "exit mechanism" will be implemented, requiring employees to leave if they are unsuitable for a position. The principles of science, equality, competition, and merit-based selection will be upheld, providing opportunities to all employees openly, fairly, and impartially through competitive recruitment. This will encourage outstanding employees to quickly find platforms to utilize their expertise, while also attracting top talent from outside the company. Special treatment will be provided for exceptional talent through categorized talent management, establishing different salary systems and promotion channels. This will encourage employees to specialize in their areas of expertise rather than crowding into narrow management promotion paths, thereby ensuring the company's overall development.