Design and Application of Energy Consumption Monitoring System for Large Public Buildings Based on Acrel-5000 Wang Bin1, Du Yundong2, Cao Xuehua2 (1. East China Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200002, China; 2. Shanghai Acrel Electric Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201801, China) Abstract This paper introduces the design, system composition, and functions of a novel energy consumption monitoring system. The Acrel-5000 configuration software enables system integration of field equipment, data acquisition, transmission, and storage, thereby achieving the function of classifying and metering the energy consumption of large public buildings. An example is used to verify the functionality and practicality of the system. Keywords: Energy consumption monitoring, Acrel-5000, system integration Design and Application of Energy-consuming Supervising System in Large Public Buildings Based on Acrel-5000 Wang bin1, Du Yundong2, Cao Xuehua2 (1. East China Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. 2. Shanghai Acrel Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201801, China) Abstract: A new Energy-consuming Supervising System is introduced, including its design, system structure, and function. Acrel-5000 configuration software can realize system integration of field devices, data collection, transmission, and saving, sequentially realizing sorted and subentry energy-consuming measurement functions for large public buildings. The system function and practicability are demonstrated by practical cases. Keywords: Energy-consuming Supervising, Acrel-5000, system integration 0 Introduction In January 2008, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission announced the average electricity and water consumption of some Beijing municipal government office buildings and large public buildings that underwent energy audits last year. The audited 20 government office buildings had an average annual electricity consumption of 85.4 kWh/m² per square meter, and an average annual electricity consumption of 3072.5 kWh/person per person. Government office buildings and large public buildings account for approximately 22% of the total electricity consumption in urban areas nationwide. Their annual electricity consumption per square meter is 10-20 times that of ordinary residential buildings and 1.5-2 times that of similar buildings in developed countries such as Europe and Japan. On the one hand, my country's large public buildings have enormous energy consumption; on the other hand, we lack direct data to provide a basis and reference for decision-making. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's document Jianke [2008] No. 114 (June 24, 2008), "Notice on Issuing Relevant Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Energy Consumption Monitoring Systems for Government Office Buildings and Large Public Buildings," has been implemented, providing specific regulations for energy consumption monitoring systems. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a large public building energy consumption monitoring platform to monitor the energy consumption of key buildings in key cities across the country in real time, and promote the improvement of energy-saving operation and management level of government office buildings and large public buildings through energy consumption statistics, energy audit, energy efficiency publicity, energy consumption quota and over-quota pricing system, so as to provide reference for the formulation and decision-making of government policies. 1. Composition of Energy Consumption Monitoring System The energy consumption monitoring system refers to the hardware and software systems that collect energy consumption data in a timely manner by installing classified and itemized energy consumption metering devices on government office buildings and large public buildings and using remote transmission and other means to realize the online monitoring and dynamic analysis of energy consumption of key buildings [1]. Among them, classified energy consumption refers to the energy consumption data collected and sorted according to the main energy types consumed by government office buildings and large public buildings, such as electricity, gas, water, etc. Itemized energy consumption refers to the energy consumption data collected and sorted according to the main uses of various energy types. For example, the electricity itemized energy consumption should include: lighting socket electricity, air conditioning electricity, power electricity, and special electricity. 1.1 Data Acquisition System Energy consumption data acquisition methods include manual and automatic acquisition. Manually acquired data includes basic building information indicators and other energy consumption data that cannot be automatically acquired, such as the consumption of coal, liquefied petroleum gas, and manufactured gas. Automatically acquired data includes building-specific energy consumption data and categorized energy consumption data, collected in real-time by automatic metering devices and transmitted to the data center in real-time via automatic transmission. 1.2 Data Transmission Technology The energy consumption data collected by the automatic metering devices of the building energy consumption monitoring system is automatically and in real-time uploaded to the data center via an RS485 interface and TCP/IP communication protocol to ensure effective data management and support for efficient query services. Simultaneously, data transmission adopts certain encoding rules to achieve consistency in data organization, storage, and exchange. 1.3 Data Center The data center, also known as a database, receives and stores the energy consumption data of monitored buildings within its management area, and processes, analyzes, displays, and publishes it. The data center has the ability to set data update intervals, access historical data, generate alarms, print reports, draw real-time and historical curves and charts, and reserves corresponding expansion functions. 1.4 System Structure The Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system uses computers, communication equipment, and measurement and control units as basic tools, providing a foundational platform for real-time data acquisition, switch status monitoring, and remote management and control of large public buildings. It can form arbitrarily complex monitoring systems with detection and control equipment. The system mainly adopts a layered distributed computer network structure, as shown in Figure 1: station control management layer, network communication layer, and field equipment layer. [align=center] Figure 1 System Structure Diagram[/align] 1) Station Control Management Layer The station control management layer is for the management personnel of the energy consumption monitoring system and is the direct window for human-computer interaction, as well as the top layer of the system. It mainly consists of system software and necessary hardware equipment, such as industrial-grade computers, printers, UPS power supplies, etc. The monitoring system software has a good human-computer interaction interface, calculates, analyzes, and processes various types of data information collected from the field, and reflects the field operation status in the form of graphics, digital displays, and sound. Monitoring Host: Used for data acquisition, processing, and data forwarding. Provides data interfaces for internal or external systems, and performs system management, maintenance, and analysis. Printer: The system can call for printing or automatically print graphics, reports, etc. Simulation Screen: The system exchanges data with the intelligent simulation screen via communication, visually displaying the overall system operation status. UPS: Ensures normal power supply to the computer monitoring system, guaranteeing the normal operation of the station control management layer equipment in the event of a power supply problem. 2) Network Communication Layer: The communication layer mainly consists of a communication management unit, Ethernet devices, and a bus network. This layer is the bridge for data information exchange, responsible for collecting, classifying, and transmitting data information returned from field devices, while relaying various control commands from the host computer to the field devices. Communication Management Unit: The system's data processing and intelligent communication management center. It has functions such as data acquisition and processing, communication controller, and front-end processor. Ethernet Devices: Includes industrial-grade Ethernet switches. Communication Media: The system mainly uses shielded twisted-pair cables, optical fibers, and wireless communication. 3) Field Equipment Layer: The field equipment layer is the data acquisition terminal, mainly composed of intelligent instruments. It uses highly reliable distributed I/O controllers with fieldbus connections to form the data acquisition terminal, uploading and storing building energy consumption data to the data center. Measuring instruments undertake the most basic data acquisition task; the energy consumption data they monitor must be complete, accurate, and transmitted to the data center in real time. 2 Software Implementation and System Functions The host computer software is the Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system configuration software. This software is a dedicated software for collecting and monitoring on-site energy consumption data. Its biggest feature is that it can be integrated into the system in a flexible and diverse “configuration form” rather than a programming method. It provides a good user development interface and a simple engineering implementation method. As long as the various software modules are configured in a simple way, the on-site data collection and monitoring functions can be easily realized and completed. The Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system has a user-friendly human-machine interface. It can collect various parameters and switch status of on-site equipment in real time and at regular intervals, and upload the collected data to the data center for storage. The system also provides real-time curve and historical trend curve analysis, reports, event records and fault alarms that meet the user design requirements. The entire system can realize the collection and statistics of energy consumption of all loops, and realize remote automatic meter reading and energy consumption monitoring functions. (1) Operation status monitoring: communication abnormality alarm prompt. (2) User management: different user permissions have different operation functions, password modification operation function of each level of permission, and permission error prevention function. (3) Energy consumption reports and bar charts: All energy consumption reports can be queried by time, including daily, monthly, and yearly reports, and real-time energy consumption bar charts can be displayed in any category and item. (4) Printing and exporting: All reports and interfaces can be printed or exported in EXCEL and WORD formats. 3 Application case A library in Pudong, Shanghai is a large public building with high energy consumption, with a total building area of ​​60,885 square meters. The main energy consumed is electricity and water, with a small amount of gas and diesel. The diesel generator is used as an emergency power source. The energy consumption monitoring system of this project adopts a three-layer network structure. Each floor classifies and measures electricity consumption. Measuring instruments are installed on each floor and the main water supply pipeline, gas pipeline, and diesel pipeline to realize real-time collection and monitoring of energy consumption. All intelligent measuring instruments are networked through fieldbus, and the energy consumption status of each circuit on site is centrally monitored and managed in the monitoring room. In this project, the Yanxiang industrial computer is used as the monitoring host, and is equipped with LCD monitors, printers and other equipment. When the power supply of the whole system is in trouble, the SANTAK UPS power supply can ensure the normal operation of the station control management equipment for a certain period of time. The data acquisition terminal adopts a highly reliable intelligent measuring instrument with fieldbus connection. For the power supply and distribution system of the library, ACR series multi-functional power meters are installed in the low-voltage incoming circuit and important circuit, and ADL series DIN rail type energy meters are installed in the ordinary feeder circuit and lighting distribution box. The appearance of the instrument is shown in Figure 2 [2][3]. ACR series ADL series: single phase, three phase Figure 2 Intelligent power network instrument ACR series multi-functional power meters have comprehensive three-phase AC power measurement, multi-rate energy metering, four-quadrant energy metering, 2nd to 31st harmonic analysis, power grid quality analysis, remote signaling input, remote control output and network communication functions. They are mainly used for comprehensive monitoring of power grid power supply quality and power management, and are widely used in low-voltage tie cabinets, outgoing cabinets, power cabinets and other occasions. The ADL series DIN rail-mounted energy meters, in addition to collecting basic energy parameters, also boast advantages such as compact size and convenient installation. The ADL100 single-phase energy meter has a 4-module structure and is installed in a lighting distribution box along with a miniature circuit breaker, as shown in Figure 3. The ADL300 three-phase energy meter has a 7-module structure and is mainly used in power cabinets, with the installation method shown in Figure 4, greatly facilitating automated power management. [align=center] Figure 3 ADL100 Application Installation Example[/align] [align=center] Figure 4 ADL300 Applied in Power Cabinet[/align] This energy consumption monitoring system, through the transmission channels provided by field equipment and the communication system, completes the data collection of each power circuit, water supply, gas, and diesel pipeline. The information is analyzed and processed, and provided to the operator in various forms such as reports and graphs, enabling the operator to easily grasp the system's operation and energy consumption status, promptly detect and correct energy waste, and thus carry out energy-saving management. When needed, it can also provide quick remote control means to change the equipment's operating status and handle accident situations. Figure 5 shows the main interface of the library energy consumption monitoring system, which allows users to query the usage status of various energy types. Table 1 provides a data query table of library energy consumption, clearly displaying the usage of various energy sources. Figure 6 shows a pie chart of electricity consumption for library lighting, air conditioning, and sockets, intuitively displaying the percentage of each item's electricity consumption. Figure 7 is a bar chart of categorized energy consumption generated by the system based on all collected categorized energy consumption data, visually illustrating the usage of each energy category. 5. Conclusion With increasing energy scarcity, energy conservation and consumption reduction have become an inevitable choice for the intelligent construction of large public buildings. The energy consumption monitoring system introduced in this paper can not only monitor the operation of the power supply and distribution system but also monitor the usage of water, gas, and other energy sources. It can also generate various reports, analysis curves, and graphs based on the collected energy consumption data, facilitating analysis and research and providing a reference for energy-saving technologies in intelligent buildings. The system is safe and reliable in operation and includes event logging and fault alarm functions, greatly facilitating user operation. With social development and increasing energy scarcity, remote monitoring and management of categorized and itemized energy consumption has become an inevitable trend in the development of intelligent buildings. References 1. Notice on Issuing the Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Energy Consumption Monitoring Systems for Office Buildings of State Organs and Large Public Buildings. 2008. 6 2. Ren Zhicheng and Zhou Zhong. Principles and Application Guidelines of Digital Instruments for Power Measurement. Beijing. China Electric Power Press. 2007. 4 3. Jiang Wei. Transformation of Low-Voltage Power Distribution System of Shengli Oilfield Geophysical Institute [J]. Intelligent Building Electrical Technology, 2008, 2 (2) Authors' Profiles: Wang Bin (1979-), male, Han nationality, Bachelor, Registered Electrical Engineer, major research direction is building power supply and distribution; Du Yundong (1981-), male, Han nationality, Master, Engineer, major research direction is intelligent building power supply and distribution monitoring system; Contact number: 15001971961, [email protected] Cao Xuehua (1980-), female, Master of Engineering, Engineer, research direction is industrial control network technology, intelligent monitoring technology of high and low voltage power distribution, etc.