1 Introduction
A smart grid, or intelligent power grid, is built upon an integrated, high-speed, two-way communication network. It achieves the goals of reliability, safety, economy, efficiency, environmental friendliness, and operational safety through the application of advanced sensing and measurement technologies, equipment technologies, control methods, and decision support systems. Addressing the current problems of weak recovery capabilities after power grid damage and the need to effectively monitor on-duty personnel, this paper proposes an RFID-based smart grid design scheme.
2. RFID Working Principle
RFID, also known as electronic tags, has experienced rapid development since the 1990s. It uses radio frequency technology for contactless two-way communication to identify targets and exchange data. Compared with traditional magnetic stripe cards and IC cards, its biggest advantage is that it is contactless, requires no manual intervention, is suitable for realizing intelligent systems, is quick and convenient to operate, and is not easily damaged.
3. Composition of an RFID Radio Frequency Identification System
(1) RFID electronic tags consist of coupling elements and chips. Each tag has a unique electronic code and is attached to an object to identify the target object.
(2) Reader, a device for reading tag information, can be divided into handheld and fixed types.
(3) Antenna, used to transmit radio frequency signals between the tag and the reader. It provides power to the electronic tag on the one hand, receives information emitted by the electronic tag on the other hand, and can also transmit information to the electronic tag.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the radio frequency identification system:
Figure 1. Structure of the Radio Frequency Identification System
RFID electronic tags have significant advantages over traditional barcodes:
1) Easy to operate, long transmission distance, and capable of identifying moving targets;
2) Long service life, capable of operating in harsh environments;
3) Tag content can be changed dynamically;
4) It can process multiple tags simultaneously;
5) It has strong signal penetration, low data transmission volume, strong anti-interference ability, sensitive sensing, and is easy to maintain and operate;
4. Realization of the power grid
4.1 System Architecture
The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises three layers: the sensing layer, the network layer, and the application layer. A smart grid designed based on the IoT consists of the sensing layer, the analysis layer, the data layer, and the application layer.
(1) Perception Layer. Data acquisition and perception are mainly used to collect data on power materials and equipment. In the power Internet of Things, the State Grid Corporation of China identifies information resources such as power materials, equipment, and assets into an RFID electronic tag. Such as material classification codes, equipment classification codes, functional location codes, etc.
(2) Parsing layer. Using PDA unified middleware technology, the information from the perception layer is parsed and transmitted without obstacles, with high reliability and high security.
(3) Application Layer. This mainly includes the application support platform sublayer and the application service sublayer. The support platform is mainly the SG-ERP platform. The application services mainly include power material procurement management, equipment inspection and maintenance management, fixed asset management, and asset lifecycle management based on these.
(4) Data Layer. To be precise, the data layer does not belong to a specific layer of IoT technology, but rather uses PDA security technology to parse data into the data center.
The system architecture diagram of the smart grid designed based on the above framework is shown in Figure 2. The power equipment, inspection personnel and the electronic tags covering them belong to the perception layer, the PDA handheld computing device belongs to the parsing layer, and the client PC and server correspond to the application layer and data layer of the system.
Figure 2. Structure of RFID-based smart grid system
4.2 Main Functions of the System
(1) Monitoring of equipment operating environment and status. Installing RFID electronic tags on power transmission, transformation and distribution equipment can replace manual inspection to collect environmental and status information of the equipment and improve inspection efficiency.
(2) Equipment manufacturer traceability. By reading the RFID tag of the faulty equipment, its manufacturer can be traced, and the installation location of equipment from the same batch of manufacturers can be obtained, which realizes equipment failure prevention and is conducive to equipment condition maintenance.
(3) Supervision of inspection personnel's arrival. Each inspection personnel is assigned an RFID electronic tag. The inspection personnel's maintenance route can be tracked in real time through the electronic tag, which effectively avoids missed inspections, improves the work quality of the inspection personnel, and can effectively hold relevant personnel accountable in the event of an accident.
(4) Provide standardized operation guidance function. Store general technical specifications and standard operation instructions for the power industry in the RFID electronic tag to facilitate on-site inspection personnel to view and record relevant power equipment information.
5. Conclusion
Although RFID technology is still in its early stages in China, its enormous potential is undeniable. With the development of RFID technology, its application in smart grids will become increasingly widespread. Its advantages in data acquisition and processing, as well as its dynamic control capabilities, will have a profound and positive impact on grid development, comprehensively promoting the development of the power industry.
