1.1 In terms of parts and machine tool adjustments, the accuracy of CNC lathe machining can be improved.
First, let's examine how to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes from a mechanical adjustment perspective. Machine tool adjustment mainly includes several parts such as the spindle, bed, and inserts, etc. This ensures the lathe meets requirements and improves machining accuracy. Regular monitoring during operation is also necessary, and any deficiencies in the lathe should be continuously optimized to ensure timely adjustments for better product production. This is the simplest and most convenient way to improve CNC lathe machining accuracy. This adjustment method doesn't require advanced technical skills, but it does require regular checks and adjustments by employees.
Secondly, improvements were made in electromechanical integration. Improving the machining accuracy of parts mainly involved enhancing back-deviation, positioning accuracy, and repeatability. Regarding back-deviation, when the deviation is too large, it is first corrected manually using mechanical methods. Then, once the error is reduced to a certain range, further optimization is performed using professional methods. Positioning accuracy is adjusted by continuously optimizing the error using microscope adjustments. This electromechanical integration optimization method is the most efficient among these adjustment methods. Although it is relatively cumbersome, the results are excellent.
Third, this involves adjustments made to the electrical aspects, primarily encompassing two areas. One is adjusting machine tool parameters. Within this, two factors affect machining accuracy: system gain and positioning dead zone. Regarding system gain, we need to pay attention to the lathe's mechanical damping and rotational inertia, both of which affect machining accuracy. Additionally, minimizing the positioning dead zone can also improve the lathe's operational precision. These two aspects are complementary and must be adjusted simultaneously. Another aspect is adjustments through system applications. With increasing automation, CNC lathes utilize remote control during operation. Therefore, we need to incorporate a series of monitoring programs during remote control to reduce the need for excessive manual intervention. This allows for more effective monitoring, and program-based monitoring and control settings can improve the lathe's machining accuracy.
1.2 Adjustments are made to the feed mechanism to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes.
First, the machining accuracy of CNC lathes is affected by the lead error of the ball screw. The main factor affecting this is the pulse. Therefore, in the process of manufacturing the ball screw, we should try to minimize the impact of the error on the machining accuracy of the CNC lathe.
Secondly, the impact of feed mechanism backlash on CNC lathe machining accuracy is mainly due to problems within its transmission mechanism components, which reduce the machining accuracy of the lathe. The main components are gears, couplings, ball screws, and support shafts. Problems between these components affect the machining accuracy of the CNC machine tool, so we need to strengthen the connections between their structures. The precision between them affects the machining accuracy of the lathe, thus reducing the gaps between various structures and improving the tightness of the connections will improve the machining accuracy of the CNC lathe.
1.3 The impact of errors in programming
The difference between CNC lathes and ordinary lathes lies in the precision of the parts. However, since errors in the programming process can be minimized, we need to reduce errors from several aspects to improve the machining precision of CNC lathes.
First, the interpolation error affects the lathe's accuracy. Therefore, it's necessary to minimize programming problems by using absolute programming methods. Another way to eliminate errors is to use interpolation reference points in the programming.
Secondly, the impact of approximation error on final accuracy. Since approximations are used during the process, errors will inevitably occur. Therefore, mastering the profile equations during programming will significantly reduce these errors, thus eliminating their impact on the accuracy of CNC lathe machining.
Third, rounding errors reduce the machining accuracy of CNC lathes during programming. Therefore, we must select the minimum linear displacement determined by the pulse equivalent as a reference during machining. Thus, we must strictly adhere to the specifications on the drawings as the benchmark when programming.
