Since the beginning of the new century, various manufacturing industries have achieved groundbreaking development. With the continuous advancement of modern information technology, industrial manufacturing has organically integrated with fields such as computer microelectronics, enabling modern industry to achieve significant economic benefits through low investment and high output. As the central component of mechanical operation, the electric motor has the most direct impact on mechanical performance. Permanent magnet synchronous motors, as a relatively high-end service motor in modern machinery, combined with servo control technology, achieve precise control of the motor's internal operation, greatly improving motor performance and becoming a core technology in the modern advanced manufacturing industries of various countries.
Introduction to Servo Systems
1. Basic structure and working principle of a servo system
A servo system is essentially a feedback control system that enables precise control of the mechanical working process, but it is primarily used to control the motion vectors of machinery, such as changes in displacement point, displacement velocity, and acceleration. This technology employs digital AC sine wave control and optimal PID algorithms to complete the PWM control process, processing data according to predetermined control requirements to accurately track and monitor the mechanical displacement process in real time. As a member of the feedback control system family, its basic structure still conforms to the requirements and characteristics of feedback control systems.
Servo control systems themselves are not diverse, but they are mainly used in the control of mechatronics, and therefore have diverse characteristics.
2. Current Status of Servo System Applications
The development of modern AC servo systems has been rapid, undergoing a perfect transformation from analog to fully digital data. Digital control loops have been widely used in servo systems for commutation, current, and position control. High-performance DSPs and FPGAs, as well as dedicated servo system engines from IR, are also frequently appearing in the international market. Therefore, despite servo systems being high-end system equipment in modern manufacturing industries, their market presence demonstrates a positive development trend.
Features of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Servo Control
Motor drives are generally divided into turntable servo drives and linear servo drives. Intermediate transmission errors can be eliminated as much as possible, thereby achieving high-precision operation. The control circuit of a permanent magnet motor servo system typically consists of 10 units: the rectifier power supply is the foundation for motor operation, and internally it contains a current sensor, encoder, position regulator, speed regulator, current regulator, spatial vector control system, and coordinate transformation control system. In the preset stage, the program controls the current strength and path, which is recognized by the encoder to form mechanical language, which is transmitted to the motion vector controller (displacement controller and speed controller). At this point, new changes occur in the current data, and the current regulator begins to function, translating the mechanical language back into external spatial language to "monitor" and provide feedback on the mechanical operation, thus realizing the operation of the entire mechanical path.
Analysis of market monitoring statistics reveals that international servo products are updated approximately every five years, and new software algorithms are constantly evolving, leading to new trends in the development of permanent magnet motors.
1. Improved integration and modularization
The vertical integration of permanent magnet motors and servo systems has become one of the current development trends in low-power servo systems. This type of motor, which combines drive and communication, is also known as an intelligent motor, thus tightly linking drive and control, and seamlessly integrating motor design, manufacturing, operation, and maintenance. However, combining permanent magnet synchronous motors with servo systems is challenging, presenting numerous technical difficulties, making it difficult for them to achieve mainstream market dominance in practice.
2. Increased standardization
Modern engineering construction and processing operations involve diverse environments, leading to an increasing demand for various types of machinery. Different motor specifications significantly impact manufacturing costs. Servo systems can be configured with numerous parameters and menu-driven functions, allowing users to easily adjust and control the motor's vector parameters. Different types of motors can also utilize servo systems to create semi-closed-loop or fully closed-loop control systems, expanding the motor's applicability.
3. Improved performance indicators
Modern servo control technology mostly has parameter memory and fault self-diagnosis functions. It can automatically identify and adjust different models of permanent magnet motors, reposition the measuring points with encoders, and automatically track the input current during electronic gear operation. The sampling accuracy design at the level of millions of pulses per second, the data bit design, the improvement of DSP analysis speed, and the use of cogging-free effect all contribute to the miniaturization and weight reduction of the internal structure of the motor, while improving the performance indicators of motor operation and work.
In conclusion, industrialization is a crucial indicator of modern social development and a direct driving force for future national progress. The continuous improvement of information technology has led to a trend towards intelligent development in modern industry. Permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system feedback control technology, as an important achievement in high-tech industries, holds immense potential for the future development of the machinery manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is essential to actively explore mechatronics technologies and expedite the intelligent development of my country's machinery manufacturing industry.
