As a crucial functional component of CNC machine tools, the characteristics of servo systems have always been a key indicator affecting the system's machining performance. In recent years, various servo drive technologies have been developed to improve the dynamic and static characteristics of servo systems. Feed servos control the various axes of the CNC machine tool, generating the cutting feed motion. Therefore, feed servos are required to rapidly adjust the movement speed of the coordinate axes and accurately control position, specifically requiring a wide speed range, high displacement accuracy, good stability, and fast dynamic response.
With the significant recovery of China's manufacturing industry, the CNC machine tool industry has also entered a recovery phase. The market demand for CNC machines is accelerating its upgrading, and CNC machine tools and their application servo systems are beginning to develop in a diversified direction.
1. High precision
Improving the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools can generally be achieved by reducing CNC system errors and employing machine tool error compensation techniques. To reduce CNC system control errors, common methods include increasing the CNC system's resolution, improving position detection accuracy, and using feedforward and nonlinear control in the position servo system. Regarding machine tool error compensation techniques, in addition to backlash compensation, leadscrew pitch error compensation, and tool compensation, errors caused by thermal deformation of the equipment can also be compensated for. Furthermore, the quality of the servo system directly affects the machining accuracy of the CNC machine tool. Modern CNC machine tools utilize AC digital servo systems and employ new control theories to achieve high-speed response servo systems.
2. High-speed
To achieve high-speed CNC equipment, the CNC system must first be able to process machining programs composed of tiny program segments at high speed to calculate the movement of the servo motors. Simultaneously, the servo motors must be able to respond at high speed. Utilizing 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessors is an effective means of improving the high-speed processing capability of the CNC system. The key to achieving high-speed CNC equipment lies in increasing cutting speed, feed rate, and reducing auxiliary time.
3. High flexibility
Employing flexible automated equipment or systems is an effective means to improve machining accuracy and efficiency, shorten production cycles, adapt to changing market demands, and enhance competitiveness. While improving the flexibility of individual CNC machine tools, the industry is also developing towards unit flexibility and system flexibility. This has led to the emergence of flexible and efficient machining equipment such as programmable logic controller (PLC) controlled adjustable combination machine tools, CNC multi-axis machining centers, tool-changing and box-changing machining centers, and CNC three-coordinate power units; flexible machining units (FMC); flexible manufacturing systems (FMS); and flexible manufacturing units (FTUs) that fall between traditional automated lines and FMS.
4. Intelligent
To adapt to the needs of flexible and automated manufacturing, intelligentization is becoming a hot topic in the research and development of CNC equipment. It not only runs through the entire production and processing process (such as intelligent programming, intelligent database, and intelligent monitoring), but also through the after-sales service and maintenance of products.
① Adaptive control technology: Adaptive control can automatically adjust working parameters according to changes in cutting conditions, so that the machining system can maintain the best working state, thereby obtaining higher machining accuracy and lower surface roughness. At the same time, it can also improve the service life of tools and the production efficiency of equipment, thus achieving the purpose of improving the system's operating state.
② Expert system technology stores expert experience and general and specific rules of cutting processes in a computer, and establishes an expert system with artificial intelligence, supported by a machining process parameter database, to provide optimized cutting parameters.
③ Fault self-diagnosis and self-repair technology: Throughout the entire working process, the system continuously performs self-diagnosis and inspection on the CNC system itself and various connected devices.
④ Pattern recognition technology applies image recognition and voice control technology, enabling machines to recognize patterns and process them according to natural voice commands.
5. Composite
6. High reliability
7. Networking
8. Open architecture
