As a major manufacturing country, my country is gradually increasing the utilization rate of precision CNC lathes, moving towards networking, parallel drive systems, and standardization. Precision CNC lathes evolved from ordinary machine tools, and speed and accuracy are two crucial indicators that directly affect processing efficiency and product quality. CNC technology is now inseparable from precision CNC lathes.
CNC precision lathes combine the advantages of versatile lathes, high-precision lathes, and high-efficiency special-purpose lathes, making them the most widely used and widely applied type of machine tool. A CNC precision lathe is a machine tool that uses CNC technology to perform actions according to a pre-programmed sequence. It consists of a program carrier, input device, CNC unit, servo system, position feedback system, and machine tool mechanical components.
During operation, the electrical equipment of CNC precision lathes is subject to numerous adverse factors such as environmental conditions and operational factors, which can cause or lead to various malfunctions. Therefore, routine maintenance and repair are crucial and indispensable parts of production operation. The normal use of a CNC precision lathe must meet the following conditions:
1. Environmental Requirements: The location of CNC precision lathes should be far away from vibration sources, and should avoid direct sunlight and heat radiation, as well as the effects of humidity and airflow. If there are vibration sources near the machine tool, anti-vibration trenches should be installed around the machine tool. Otherwise, the machining accuracy and stability of the machine tool will be directly affected, leading to poor contact of electronic components, malfunctions, and impacting the reliability of the machine tool.
2. Power Supply Requirements: CNC precision lathes are typically installed in machining workshops, where not only are ambient temperatures highly variable and operating conditions harsh, but the presence of numerous other mechanical and electrical devices also leads to significant power grid fluctuations. Therefore, the power supply voltage at the installation location of the CNC lathe requires strict control. Voltage fluctuations must be within permissible limits and remain relatively stable. Otherwise, the normal operation of the CNC system will be affected.
3. Temperature Conditions: The ambient temperature for CNC precision lathes should be below 30°C, and the relative humidity should be less than 80%. Generally, CNC electrical control boxes are equipped with exhaust fans or air coolers to maintain a constant or minimally variable operating temperature for electronic components, especially the central processing unit. Excessive temperature and humidity will reduce the lifespan of control system components and lead to more malfunctions. Increased temperature and humidity, along with increased dust, can cause adhesion on integrated circuit boards, resulting in short circuits.
4. Standardized Use: Machine tool users are not allowed to arbitrarily change the parameters set by the manufacturer within the control system. These parameter settings directly affect the dynamic characteristics of various machine tool components. Only the clearance compensation parameter value can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Users must not arbitrarily replace machine tool accessories, such as using hydraulic chucks that exceed the specifications in the instruction manual. The manufacturer fully considers the matching of parameters in various components when setting accessories. Blindly replacing accessories can lead to mismatches in parameters and even unforeseen accidents. The pressure used for hydraulic chucks, hydraulic tool holders, hydraulic tailstocks, and hydraulic cylinders must be within the allowable stress range and must not be arbitrarily increased.
