First, establish a file on lifting machinery and equipment and improve technical data.
Safety technical files for lifting machinery and equipment are original records of the equipment's safety status. They are first-hand data for management departments to formulate rules and regulations, analyze the equipment's safety status, and arrange maintenance plans. Therefore, establishing files is an important foundation for the safety management of lifting machinery and equipment and an effective means of monitoring lifting machinery and equipment.
Each user unit's equipment management department should file a complete record for each piece of lifting machinery. The equipment file should include: the equipment's technical documents from the manufacturer; installation location; commissioning date; daily use, maintenance, modification, inspection, and testing records; equipment and personal accident records; equipment problems and evaluations; electrical schematic diagrams, structural diagrams, and diagrams of vulnerable parts. For equipment with a long service life or whose documentation is lost or incomplete during ownership transfer, the user unit should organize personnel to conduct physical surveys to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the file information.
Second, improve the quality of grassroots lifting machinery and equipment management personnel and operators.
The proper use and correct operation of machinery and equipment are crucial for ensuring project construction safety. The principle of "fixed personnel and fixed equipment" should be implemented, establishing a "three-fixed" system: fixed machine, fixed personnel, and fixed job responsibilities. Operators must conscientiously implement all rules and regulations and strictly adhere to operating procedures to prevent safety accidents.
Grassroots equipment managers are the most direct level of management for lifting machinery and equipment, and the direct providers of information to higher-level authorities regarding equipment operation status and related matters. Therefore, their sense of responsibility directly impacts the major decisions made by higher-level authorities and leaders regarding this equipment. Grassroots equipment managers should strive to resolve problems they can directly address, and immediately report significant issues that they cannot resolve to higher-level authorities and leaders. Higher-level authorities and leaders should establish a reward and punishment system for equipment managers, organizing relevant professionals annually to comprehensively evaluate the lifting machinery and equipment under their management, determining corresponding levels, and then determining rewards and punishments for grassroots equipment managers. Those who are outstanding and responsible should be heavily rewarded, while those who are not should be severely punished.
Operators of lifting machinery are the direct controllers of the equipment. As operators, they should carefully keep daily operation records and handover records; they should cherish their equipment and conscientiously perform routine maintenance to ensure the healthy and normal operation of the equipment.
Three requirements for the use and operation of lifting machinery and equipment
During the use of lifting machinery and equipment, it is essential to minimize malfunctions, especially preventing accidental damage (abnormal damage), which refers to damage caused by human error. The main causes of accidental damage include: unskilled or negligent operators, or violations of safety operating procedures and maintenance regulations; poor maintenance and repair of the machinery and equipment, or improper transportation and storage; unreasonable construction methods and incorrect command; and the influence of weather and working conditions.
Measures must be taken to address these problems, and strict precautions must be taken. Inspections and controls must be conducted at all times according to the "five-good" standard, namely:
(1) To complete the task well: it should be done efficiently, with high quality and low cost;
(2) Good technical condition: The mechanical equipment should be kept in good working order, its performance should meet the specified requirements, and the accompanying tools, parts and accessories should be complete and intact;
(3) Use effectively: All systems, with a focus on job responsibility, must be strictly implemented to ensure reasonable use and that original records are complete and accurate;
(4) Proper maintenance: Carefully follow the maintenance procedures, and perform cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, tightening, and corrosion prevention at any time;
(5) Good safety: We must strictly abide by the safe operating procedures and relevant safety regulations to ensure safe production and prevent mechanical accidents.
By mobilizing people's enthusiasm, establishing sound and reasonable rules and regulations, and strictly implementing technical regulations, we can improve the integrity rate, utilization rate, and efficiency of mechanical equipment.
Fourth, strengthen the maintenance and upkeep of lifting machinery and equipment.
Maintenance and upkeep are crucial factors in ensuring the continued viability and economic benefits of lifting machinery. During inspections of grassroots lifting machinery, it was discovered that maintenance funds were not fully allocated to various user units, resulting in many pieces of equipment that needed repair remaining unrepaired, creating serious safety hazards. Leaders of user units should prioritize equipment maintenance and upkeep, investing funds in these areas while ensuring the equipment generates economic benefits, thereby guaranteeing the safety of personnel and equipment.
5. Strengthen the regular inspection and supervision of lifting machinery and equipment.
Due to the special nature of lifting machinery and equipment, national regulations mandate regular inspections of such equipment, which must be conducted by qualified departments. These inspections allow for a better understanding of the equipment's actual safety condition and enhance the awareness and attention given to equipment management and use by all user units.
After the inspection department identifies safety hazards, these hazards are categorized, key items requiring immediate rectification are determined, and deadlines are set for completion. The rectification progress is then tracked. For hazards that are genuinely difficult to rectify immediately, a differentiated approach is taken based on the situation. On the one hand, remedial measures are implemented; on the other hand, equipment that must be taken out of service is taken out of service without exception. This approach significantly improves the rectification rate and enhances the safety condition of the equipment. Regular inspections also promote the maintenance and upkeep of lifting machinery by user units, extending the equipment's lifespan and reducing the accident rate.
In conclusion, lifting machinery and equipment are classified as high-risk equipment due to their large size, complex mechanisms, variable loads, wide operating space, and high danger. Therefore, they must be uniformly supervised by a single competent authority to strengthen the professional management and safety management of lifting machinery and equipment, and prevent major accidents.
