First, let's discuss the standard definition of embedded systems—
"A device for controlling, monitoring or assisting in the operation of machines and equipment."
As the definition shows, it is actually very broad, encompassing many things such as microcontrollers, PLCs , and industrial control computers, which all fall under the category of embedded systems.
However, domestic education generally categorizes programmable control chips according to their functional strength. More powerful chips are classified as embedded systems, especially those suitable for running lightweight systems like WinCE and Android, such as processors, FPGAs, DSPs, and CPLDs. Chips with poor energy efficiency, primarily running bare-metal programs, and used in lower-end applications are classified as microcontrollers. Regardless of the microcontroller's core level, any I/O control system that enhances stability, is designed for industrial environments, and uses statement lists and graphical programming for rapid logic editing is classified as a PLC.
From a salary perspective, assuming the questioner doesn't pursue further education, the following priority sequence is recommended:
1. Embedded Systems (ARM + Linux): Suitable for industrial robots, IoT, and high-end 3C product design. However, some additional training is required, primarily in signal processing. In-depth knowledge isn't necessary, but a basic understanding is essential. Salary levels depend on the chosen company and industry, but are generally better than options 3 and 4.
2. Embedded Systems (FPGA, CPLD, and other integrated circuit design): This path primarily involves signal processing and requires a strong foundation in mathematics, signal processing, and analog electronics theory. Most people who succeed start with a master's degree, but some can excel even with only a bachelor's degree if they are interested and passionate about the field. Theoretically, salary is the primary consideration, but the difficulty of the work is also paramount.
3. Microcontrollers: Examples of related products include rice cookers, soy milk makers, and other home appliances with low levels of intelligence. These products are highly homogenized, with many skilled workers, leading to fierce competition and low profit margins, resulting in relatively low salaries and limited future salary increases. However, they are slightly better than PLCs.
4. PLC: The PLC is a tragic field, and the least recommended career path. PLC professionals are generally employed in small and medium-sized automation companies or the equipment departments of large companies. Overtime is common, and the salary is not very high because even those with only a vocational school diploma can take your job. The added value of the technology is very low now, and there are not many good career prospects if you switch jobs.
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There are also those who disagree with this:
@Jiangnan_One_Fish
What are your thoughts on this?
