Non-standard equipment refers to specialized, non-standard equipment that is not mass-produced by the state but is genuinely needed by various sectors of the national economy. Non-standard equipment is not designed and manufactured according to nationally promulgated unified industry standards and specifications; instead, it is designed and manufactured independently based on its specific application needs. In an increasingly competitive market environment, industrial enterprises are undergoing institutional and technological innovation, replacing traditional equipment with computer-controlled automated equipment and manual operation with mechanical equipment, thus increasing the demand for non-standard automated equipment. How to effectively design non-standard automated equipment has become a common concern for relevant units and personnel. Let's discuss this together.
I. Design Process of Non-standard Automated Equipment
(1) Determine the development project and understand customer needs, including product quality requirements, equipment production efficiency requirements, and equipment working environment.
(2) Analyze the product, understand the product manufacturing process, understand the product's dimensional requirements and incoming material conditions, communicate with customers about precautions during the product manufacturing process, and the technical parameters of the equipment's usage location.
(3) Formulate a plan. The engineering personnel will discuss and analyze the equipment plan, which includes: equipment schematic diagram, introduction of each part of the mechanism, operation description, and equipment technical parameters.
(4) Scheme review. An engineering review team will review the scheme. The review will include: equipment feasibility assessment, equipment cost assessment, equipment production efficiency assessment, and feasibility assessment of each part of the structure.
(5) Rectification of the plan. Rectify the problems discussed during the plan review.
(6) The client confirms the design scheme. The design scheme is handed over to the client, who makes the final confirmation of the scheme based on their needs.
(7) Design and development. The engineering department will arrange engineers to design the mechanism, make machine assembly drawings and parts drawings, select the actuators and electrical control accessories, and list the parts to be processed and the standard parts purchase order and operation instructions.
II. How to Design Non-Standard Automated Equipment
While non-standard automated equipment is not produced in the same quantity as standard equipment, it is diverse and varied, serving a wide range of departments. In today's rapidly developing society, scientific advancements and technological revolutions place higher demands on mechanical design. Due to the complexity of non-standard automated equipment, the design work is more challenging. This requires non-standard design engineers to possess strong professional skills, a broad knowledge base, excellent adaptability and originality, the ability to apply knowledge to new situations, a wealth of ideas, unique insights, and the capacity to transplant and integrate elements from other systems into their own design concepts.
(1) The production of non-standard equipment is carried out in small batches on a single-piece basis, which requires relevant designers to have experience and technical skills. In terms of design, non-standard equipment mainly adopts the Chinese standard system and standard system for non-standard equipment, and follows the principle that "the primary membrane stress or the maximum direct stress shall not exceed the allowable stress". In terms of safety factor, the design of non-standard equipment mainly considers factors such as stress concentration and its type, the complexity of stress assessment methods, material inhomogeneity, geometric factors, and defects existing in welded joints.
(2) In the design of non-standard equipment, firstly, in the selection of standard components, finished parts should be used as much as possible to effectively reduce the cost of non-standard products in terms of raw material consumption, management expenses, and yield. Using finished parts can also make the equipment more reliable after it is put into the market, extend the design and manufacturing cycle of the equipment, and improve design efficiency. Secondly, the design of non-standard equipment should also carefully study the technical solution of the equipment on the basis of meeting the process design conditions, and determine advanced, reasonable and stable non-standard equipment.
Finally, in the design of non-standard equipment, a human-centered design philosophy should be upheld, and the use of the equipment should be repeatedly evaluated to ensure that it meets the working people's habits, paying close attention to details.
(3) When designing non-standard equipment, in addition to considering whether the design meets the needs of customers and production, it is also necessary to consider whether the structure of the non-standard equipment is reasonable, safe and stable, and easy to process, manufacture, install and maintain. To this end, designers must strictly implement relevant standards and specifications, fully understand the process requirements, physical parameters and functions of the non-standard equipment, and compare multiple schemes to determine the best scheme. On the other hand, designers should pay attention to the rationality of the design of non-standard equipment parts. When designing, it is necessary to check whether the parts meet the requirements of rigidity, strength, etc., and to reasonably select the materials, fit types and processing methods of the parts.
(4) Standardization in design work is a prerequisite for the smooth progress of design work and for the introduction and absorption of advanced foreign technologies. The quality of design work directly affects the level and quality of non-standard equipment. Standardized design work requires the formulation of strict design procedures, and the systematic demonstration of technical solutions, design of construction drawings, review of process performance and standardization level, etc. In terms of standardization of drawings and design documents, it is necessary to check whether they comply with relevant national regulations. Nouns, terms, symbols, sizes, formats, names, codes, etc. should be carefully reviewed and strictly implemented to ensure compliance with relevant standards and specifications for design work.
The design of non-standard equipment should not only consider process and technical issues, but also prioritize its effectiveness and benefits, using these as the main criteria for judging its success. Non-standard equipment designs should facilitate maintenance and manufacturing. Manufacturing issues must be considered during the design phase; for example, drilling holes on curved surfaces should be avoided as much as possible. If drilling is unavoidable, it should either be done through the center or by machining a platform first. For the components and parts of the non-standard equipment design, market prices should be obtained, and common parts should be used as much as possible for easy maintenance and interchangeability.
Disclaimer: This article is a reprint. If it involves copyright issues, please contact us promptly for deletion (QQ: 2737591964). We apologize for any inconvenience.
