The most significant difference between vertical and horizontal motors lies in their mounting methods, followed by the resulting different structural design schemes. Generally, for basic series motors with a center height of 225mm and below, the only difference is the mounting method; as long as the mounting interfaces match, they can operate normally. However, for larger frame sizes, or when the motor bearings and housing are insufficient to withstand the specified or actual external forces applied during operation, the structural design schemes become significantly different. This may involve using bearings or bearing assemblies capable of withstanding larger axial forces, increasing housing strength, and designing dedicated end covers and bearing covers.
Besides the aforementioned installation interface types and necessary structural and rotating component support adjustments, motor testing also varies considerably. This is especially true for large vertical motors, which require not only the design of necessary tooling but also sometimes other auxiliary measures and relatively accurate equivalent testing methods. Inspection tests do not require two motors to be coupled together; only the bearings need to be considered during motor rotation. However, type testing necessitates the consideration of necessary tooling. Equivalent tests, such as the superimposed frequency method, are employed. Equivalent testing methods naturally introduce some deviations, but in most cases, these deviations are acceptable. A few demanding customers, of course, will not tolerate such deviations. For example, some users simply do not accept type testing that modifies the original motor structure when motor manufacturers use a horizontal structure to evaluate the performance of a vertical motor. Further Knowledge – Vertical Motors: A vertical motor is a motor whose output shaft centerline is perpendicular to the chassis or transmission mechanism. Its prominent feature is that the mounting holes are equidistantly distributed around the output shaft. The vertical motor is vertically mounted on the driven machinery, and the motor shaft also drives the machinery perpendicularly. It is widely used in industrial production, such as in vertical water pumps and vertical lathes.
According to GB4831, the model number of a vertical motor consists of two parts: the product code and the specification code, arranged sequentially. The product code is represented by the motor series code, such as:
YL indicates a squirrel-cage rotor three-phase vertical asynchronous motor that does not bear axial force; YLST indicates a squirrel-cage rotor three-phase asynchronous motor that bears axial thrust; YKKL indicates a fully enclosed squirrel-cage rotor three-phase vertical asynchronous motor with an air-to-air cooler; YKSL indicates a fully enclosed squirrel-cage rotor three-phase vertical asynchronous motor with an air-to-water cooler, etc. Vertical motors mostly adopt the internationally popular box-type structure. Their square frame is welded from steel plates, offering advantages such as high rigidity and light weight. Changing the covers on both sides of the frame or the air (water)-to-air cooler creates different series of motors. Most stators adopt an externally press-fit structure, with stator windings using F-grade insulation material and anti-corona material. The winding ends are fixed using a special binding process, ensuring a firm and reliable connection. The entire stator undergoes vacuum pressure impregnation with F-grade solvent-free varnish, resulting in excellent and reliable insulation performance and moisture-proof and impact-resistant capabilities.
Depending on the size of the motor rotor, either a cast aluminum rotor or a copper bar rotor structure is used. Regardless of the rotor structure, the structure and manufacturing process ensure reliable motor operation. Depending on whether the motor bears axial force and the magnitude of that force, the upper bearing structure can be either a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing, while the lower bearing structure is a rolling bearing. Motors using rolling bearings all have a non-stop grease filling and draining device. The main terminal box is a sealed structure with an IP54 protection rating. The inlet port of the terminal box can be switched between upward, downward, left, and right orientations, and there is a separate grounding terminal inside the box.
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