1. Carbon-zinc batteries
Primary battery, voltage: 1.5V
Zinc-manganese batteries, commonly known as carbon-zinc batteries, are common dry-cell batteries used in daily life. They are currently the cheapest type of battery. These batteries have low capacity and are prone to leakage. They are commonly used in products such as television remote controls. Common sizes include AA, AAA, and button cell.
2. Alkaline batteries
Primary battery, voltage: 1.5V
Alkaline batteries are currently the most commonly used type of battery. Their advantages include a longer battery life, up to seven times that of carbon-zinc batteries. They offer stable current output and are leak-proof. They can be used in power-intensive instruments and equipment. Common sizes include No. 1, No. 2, No. 5, No. 7, and button cells.
3. Nickel-cadmium batteries
Rechargeable battery, voltage: 1.2V
Disadvantages of nickel-cadmium batteries: large size, heavy weight, small capacity, self-discharge, memory effect, and not environmentally friendly. Advantages: can be recharged more than 500 times, making them very economical. They are resistant to overcharging and over-discharging, and are easy to use. They have low internal resistance and can discharge at high currents, making them commonly used in power tools. Common product types: Size D (D-type), Size C (C-type), Size AA (AA), Size AAA (AAA), button cell, and various non-standard models.
4. Nickel-metal hydride batteries
Rechargeable battery, voltage: 1.2V
Compared to nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, the disadvantage of NiMH batteries is that they cannot discharge at high currents (although some manufacturers are now producing NiMH batteries with high-current discharge capabilities). The advantages are that they have more than twice the capacity of NiCd batteries for the same volume, less memory effect, and are pollution-free, making them considered green and environmentally friendly batteries. Common products include: Size D (D-type), Size C (C-type), Size AA (AA), Size AAA (AAA), button cell batteries, and various non-standard models.
5. Lithium-ion batteries
Voltage: 3.7V
Lithium-ion batteries come in steel and aluminum casings. Aluminum casings offer 10%-15% higher capacity than steel casings. Advantages include smaller size, higher capacity, and higher voltage. Shapes include cylindrical, square, and irregular shapes. They are commonly used in mobile phone batteries, PDA batteries, and laptop batteries.
6. Lithium polymer batteries
Voltage: 3.7V
Comparison of lithium polymer batteries and lithium-ion batteries: Lithium polymer batteries use aluminum-plastic packaging, unlike the metal casing of lithium-ion batteries. Due to the use of flexible packaging technology, thinner batteries can be produced. Their shape can be freely varied. They are lightweight, have higher capacity, lower internal resistance, and support high-current discharge. They are commonly found in high-end mobile phone batteries, laptop batteries, and batteries for various power tools and models.
