Laser welding robots use visible or ultraviolet light as a heat source to melt and weld workpieces. Lasers are feasible not only because of their high energy but also because their energy is highly concentrated at a single point, increasing their energy density. During laser welding, the surfaces of the welding materials interact. Some of this energy is absorbed by the material. Light from opaque materials is absorbed; the linear absorption coefficient for metals is 10⁷~10⁸/m. For metals, the laser penetration depth on the metal surface is 0.01~0.1m, meaning the heat from the metal surface diffuses into the metal's interior.
What is the welding technology used in laser welding robots?
Photons impacting a metal surface create vapor, evaporating the metal and preventing the reflection of residual energy. If the metal being welded has good thermal conductivity, greater penetration can be achieved. The reflection, transmission, and absorption of laser light on a material surface are primarily due to the interaction between the electromagnetic field of the light wave and the material. In laser welding robots, when a laser wave impacts a material, the charged particles in the material are affected by the vibrational velocity of the light wave's electric vector, changes in radiated energy, and the kinetic energy of photons and electrons. After the material absorbs the laser, in addition to the kinetic energy of free electrons and the laser energy of bound electron phonons, there are some residual energy particles, unaffected by the stimulating light source.
What are the basic principles of laser welding robots?
In the welding process of laser welding robots, the light energy absorbed by the material is converted into heat energy within a very short time (approximately 10 seconds). Simultaneously, the heat energy limits the laser radiation area of the material, and then the heat is transferred from a high-temperature area to a low-temperature area. Factors affecting this process include the metal's absorption of the laser, laser wavelength, temperature, surface condition, material properties, and laser power density. Generally, the absorptivity of metal lasers increases with increasing temperature and resistivity.
The above is an introduction to laser welding robot technology and its working principle. If you require more information about laser welding robots, please contact us.
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