Lithium-ion batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloys as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Currently, the mainstream lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles include ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, and lithium manganese oxide batteries. Depending on the battery type, the positive and negative electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries mainly include the following:
1. Ternary lithium battery
The positive electrode material of ternary lithium batteries is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Li(NiCoMn)O2), which mainly consists of nickel, cobalt, and manganese. Increasing the nickel content can improve the battery's range, increasing the cobalt content can improve the battery's stability, and increasing the manganese content can enhance the battery's safety. The negative electrode material is mainly graphite, which has a multi-layer structure that can accommodate lithium atoms in the lithium battery.
2. Lithium iron phosphate battery
The positive electrode material of lithium iron phosphate batteries is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), which has an olivine structure and is chemically very stable, so lithium iron phosphate batteries are very safe. The negative electrode material is the same as that of ternary lithium batteries, which is mainly graphite to accommodate lithium atoms.
3. Lithium cobalt oxide battery
The positive electrode material of lithium cobalt oxide batteries is lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), which appears as a gray-black powder and has the characteristics of high cost, high energy density, and poor safety. The negative electrode material is mainly soft carbon and hard carbon, which have good compatibility with electrolyte, low output voltage, and no obvious charge and discharge plateau potential.
4. Lithium manganese oxide battery
The positive electrode material of lithium manganese oxide batteries is lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), which is usually a blackish-gray powder that is easily soluble in water and has advantages such as low price, no pollution, and high safety. The negative electrode material is mainly graphite, which has good conductivity and a layered structure suitable for lithium atom insertion and extraction.
