Abstract: CAD/CAM systems have played an important role in many aspects. This paper, based on the development practice of the tooling management system of Wafangdian Bearing Co., Ltd., focuses on the overall structure of the system and the implementation of functions such as tooling detail table entry, retrieval, modification, printing, version management, and electronic signature. It is hoped that this paper can provide some reference for colleagues engaged in similar development work. Keywords: Tooling, CAD, PowerBuilder 0. Introduction Wafangdian Bearing Co., Ltd. is the largest bearing manufacturer in China, with the production capacity of more than 5,000 varieties of bearings in nine series. Its product technical documents are very complex, making it inconvenient to view, copy, use, save, and update. Under the increasingly fierce market competition, in order to strengthen the level of standardized management and improve work efficiency, the adoption of computer management has become an inevitable choice. Dalian University of Technology and Wafangdian Bearing Co., Ltd. have worked closely together to successfully develop a bearing CAD/CAPP system, achieving the expected results. This paper will discuss in detail the composition, functions, and characteristics of the tooling management system within it. 1. Overall Design Scheme of Bearing Tooling Management System 1.1 System Functional Requirements The system's functions are shown in Figure 1, mainly consisting of three modules: Tooling Detail Table Management, Password Management, and Tooling Name Table Management. Tooling Detail Table Management: This module comprises four parts: Machining Fixture Detail Table, Machining Measuring Tool Detail Table, Grinding Fixture Detail Table, and Grinding Measuring Tool Detail Table. Data entry, modification, retrieval, deletion, and printing are primarily accomplished through the powerful data window in PB5.0. Password Management: This module mainly handles password input, modification, and deletion. Tooling Name Management: This module mainly handles tooling name input, modification, and deletion. 1.2 System Software and Hardware Composition (1) System Software Composition: Network Operating System: Windows NT4.0 Simplified Chinese Version Database Management System: Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 Client Operating System: Windows 95 Simplified Chinese Version, using TCP/IP as the communication protocol to achieve network connection Client Development Platform: Database development uses PowerBuilder 5.0 Enterprise, and graphics processing uses AutoCAD R13 (2) System Hardware Composition: Server: Compaq Proliant 2500 (2 units), one as a file server and the other as a database server; Client: 586 Pentium processor, 16M memory, main frequency above 133MHz; Fast Ethernet Hub: LinkBuilder FMS 100; Network Card: 3Com fast Ethernet XL 10/100M; Network Cable: Category 5 unshielded twisted pair cable; Printer: Epson LQ-1600K and HP LaserJet 6L. 1.3 System Overall Scheme This system adopts the popular client/server model to establish a computer network. Clients are connected to the server via network cards and cables, forming a star-shaped high-speed switching Ethernet network to achieve network resource sharing. The overall system structure is shown in Figure 2. The tooling name management function is relatively simple and is omitted from the figure. During development, this system fully utilizes PowerBuilder's powerful human-machine interface development capabilities. Menu selection is used to integrate the three main functions: detail table management, password management, and tooling name management. Utilizing PowerBuilder's object-oriented programming features, each sub-function is implemented through corresponding event handling programs written on multi-window controls. 2. Main Functions and Features of the Bearing Tooling Management System During development, based on the actual situation of Wafangdian Bearing Group, the human-machine interface adopts a format simulating the paper tooling detail table used in actual operations, and uses a "black text on white paper" color scheme. This eliminates the unfamiliarity and discomfort of operators with computers, enhancing the user-friendliness of the interface. Furthermore, for ease of operation and management, the four parts of the detail table use a consistent interface format. 2.1 Data Entry Function Since Wafangdian Bearing Group (Wafangdian) has over 5000 bearing varieties, the amount of data to be entered is substantial. To ensure fast, accurate, and standardized data entry, drop-down sub-data windows and drop-down list boxes are used in the data window of the entry interface. Specific details are as follows: Drop-down Sub-Data Window Technology: Because the names of fixtures or gauges in each detail sheet are basically similar, the drop-down sub-data window attribute is selected in the data window name field to add dynamic drop-down sub-data window functionality. A corresponding table is created to store newly appearing names. New names only need to be entered once; the application automatically remembers and updates the data content in the drop-down sub-data window. When using it, simply click the corresponding name item with the mouse to enter its name. This significantly improves data entry efficiency and unifies names with different expressions of the same meaning into a consistent name, achieving data entry standardization and creating favorable conditions for computer data processing. Drop-down sub-data window technology is also used for symbols such as "a," "b," and "f" that frequently appear in major dimensions, simplifying the entry operation. Drop-down list technology: For the two mandatory options in "Remarks"—"Original Background" and "New Design"—a drop-down list is used. Users simply click the corresponding item with the mouse. Because a drop-down sub-data window is used, a data table is added, correspondingly requiring a module for adding and deleting entries, increasing the development workload. 2.2 Electronic signature function: When using paper-based tooling detail sheets, signatures from relevant personnel are required for validity and accountability after drafting, verification, review, and approval. Similarly, after the paper tooling detail sheets are entered into the computer, a similar step and signature function are needed—that is, the implementation of an electronic signature function. This function can be implemented in two main ways: one is through a background stored procedure, which requires a database login password, making it prone to leakage and requiring complex data exchange; the other is through a unified front-end development tool, which is convenient to use and easy to maintain. This system adopts the second method, i.e., unified front-end development. First, a password table is established to store passwords, names, and name codes. Second, relevant personnel enter their names, and the computer automatically generates a random name code, which the individual remembers before entering their private password. The password is entered twice, and the computer verifies its consistency before it becomes effective. The computer automatically encrypts the password and stores it in the password table. When in use, relevant personnel enter their password and name code. If correct, the computer retrieves the real name and fills it in the corresponding position in the title bar, and the date is also automatically filled in according to the system's date. People with the same name can be distinguished by different name codes, but in practical applications, it is essential to differentiate between people with the same name; otherwise, after the computer automatically signs, it will be impossible to distinguish who signed. The name code serves three main purposes: first, it adds an extra layer of password protection, increasing confidentiality, but because it is randomly generated and difficult to remember, only a 4-digit number is used in practice; second, it prevents potential errors in the application when different people use the same password; and third, using numbers instead of names eliminates the hassle of typing Chinese characters. Due to the addition of the password table, a password management module was developed, mainly consisting of two parts: the initial password input, i.e., the first password entry. At this point, relevant personnel need to enter their own name, password, and remember their name code on a designated computer (this computer needs to be managed by a designated person to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering other people's names and passwords); secondly, existing passwords can be modified on any computer in use, and if the password is forgotten, the record can be deleted by entering the name and name code. This eliminates the need for system administrators to delete passwords, improving system maintainability. 2.3 The password table used in electronic signatures also plays a role in the tooling details table modification function. That is, after the details table is entered, modifications before the main leader approves it after the drafter signs it must be entered with the drafter's private password; otherwise, the corresponding function button will be "grayed out" and unusable. After the main leader approves it, that is, after the details table becomes legally effective, the details table becomes unmodifiable. Only after entering a details table change notification form can the details table be modified with the drafter's private password. From the electronic signature and modification functions, we can see that passwords play a very important role in protecting data security. 2.4 Output Function The tooling detail table output by this system is text-based and does not contain graphics. However, due to its special nature, the printing function is not easy to implement. This is mainly because it requires printing multiple data entries in one column, and includes tolerance information and a header containing bearing model numbers. To solve the problem of merging data for printing, the compression function in the data window is used. Furthermore, the serial numbers of the data items to be printed together are kept consistent during data entry, and compression is achieved by serial number. Since tolerances have positive and negative signs, they need to be stored as characters in the database table so that positive signs can be displayed during printing. Specifically, a composite data window is used, consisting of three parts: header, title bar, and data items. Because the header format is complex, a free-form data window is used; once created, it can be used for all four types of detail tables. The title bar and data items use a tabular style data window; the tolerance items are adjusted to the appropriate positions. However, the vertical lines in the table disappear when there is no data (i.e., the data does not fill the entire page). To fill in this line, it is necessary to draw the line on the composite data window. The length of the line is automatically calculated based on the page number using a calculated column, thus ensuring the vertical line is drawn correctly. Additionally, this function includes a button to save the output detailed table as a file (Powersoft Report format). This is to avoid generating a temporary detailed table when remotely accessing the system; instead, an existing file can be transferred, saving communication time and simplifying user experience. Version 2.5 Management Functions and Features: This function primarily targets all projects that have been electronically signed, i.e., the legally binding official version of the tooling detailed table. Modifications to the tooling detailed table are difficult to avoid in actual use. To prevent confusion in detailed table management due to multiple modifications, each modification must be documented through a change notification form, requiring the detailed table creator to make the changes. Furthermore, both the modified and unmodified detail tables are saved, thus requiring version control functionality for both new and old detail tables. Each modification generates a new version and an old version; multiple modifications to the same detail table will result in many versions, while the original detail table is retained. New versions are managed primarily by setting version numbers for corresponding data items in the data table, indicating the version number; a higher version number indicates a newer version. Old versions are managed by establishing a historical database, transferring data from older versions to the historical database, and providing retrieval and query functions. While version numbers can differentiate between new and old data without a historical database, this significantly increases the data volume and query workload over time, and the mixing of new and old data is also detrimental to management. 2.6 Implementation of Retrieval-Based Tooling Detail Table Compilation The implementation of retrieval-based tooling detail table compilation primarily involves first searching for similar bearing models, then modifying the existing detail table, and finally using the "Save As" function provided by the application to implement the new detail table design. The specific instructions are as follows: First, the system provides a fuzzy search function. All bearing models are retrieved and entered into a drop-down list. The drop-down list is automatically sorted. After entering the prefix of the bearing model, similar bearing models will automatically appear in the drop-down list, which can then be selected with the mouse. Next, modifications are made in the data window. After modification, click the "Save As" button. A new window will appear. Enter the new bearing model and the part number of the parts list drawing (the system automatically checks the validity of the input data) to complete the new part number design. 2.7 Data Security Management To ensure data security, the domain administrator sets different access types for different accounts on Windows NT in the background. Domain accounts and passwords are used as security measures to restrict unauthorized users from accessing the network and infringing on rights, achieving secure resource management. SQL Server's authorization management function is used to allow different users to have different data manipulation rights. For example, some users may only have read access to data and cannot modify or delete it. In the front end, after confirming the validity of the network user's registration password, password management and electronic signature functions implemented through the application are mainly used to prevent unauthorized modification of the parts list. 4. Conclusion Currently, this system has entered all the finalized bearing tooling details into the computer, allowing for convenient maintenance, querying, and output of the required details. It also connects the design, process, and tooling departments through a computer network, achieving paperless transmission. This has largely achieved the goals of accelerating tooling design, shortening production cycles, and reducing production costs, initially realizing the requirement of "getting rid of drawing boards." In summary, this paper, based on the development practice of the tooling management system of Wafangdian Bearing Co., Ltd., presents some ideas and practices with universal application value in actual development, hoping to provide some reference for similar work. References Tang Hao, Design and Implementation of CAPP System for Rolling Bearing Grinding Operation Guidance Card, Master's Thesis, Dalian University of Technology, 1998, 5 Hou Zhiping et al., Advanced Application Technology of PowerBuild 4.0/5.0, Beijing Xiaotong Network Database Research Institute, 1996 Zhang Xiwen et al., Development of Bearing System in Network Environment, Computer Application Research, 1998, 3: 75-76 He Qinggang et al., Research on Computer-Aided Drawing of Rolling Bearing in Network Environment, Computer Application Research, 1998, 4: 393-394 The Implementation of Bearing Manufacture Equipment System Abstract: CAD/CAM systems have played an important role in many areas. In this paper, we will give some useful methods according to the development of a management system on bearing manufacture equipment in the Chinese Wa-Fang-Dian Bearing Co. Ltd. We discussed the total structure of the system and the functions, which include retrieving, modifying and printing manufacture equipment list. Then we emphasized the version management and electronic signature. And we hope that some people can use these methods in their development activities. Keywords: manufacture equipment ,CAD, PowerBuilder